Département d'Anglais

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Archetypal Activation and The Transcendent Function in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter and Richard Wright’s Native Son
(Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou, 2014) Yesguer, Djedjiga
This dissertation discusses the psychological instability caused by Gender and Race in selected works of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s the Scarlet Letter and Richard Wright’s Native Son. The aim is to examine the psychological situation of both the white women and the blacks in America in the light of Carl Gustav Jung’s conception of the archetypes, the collective unconscious and the transcendent function. It has also been referred to bell hooks’ theory of ‘Racism and Feminism’ that explains the cultural practice of gender and race that denigrate the position of both the white women and the blacks. To fulfill this study, I have divided it into two sections. The first one emphasizes the issue of gender and racism in America in the 19th and 20th centuries. It attempts to highlight the context of the American culture which is mainly built on the perception of the ‘other’. The second section will explore the impact of gender and racism on the white women and on the blacks’ psyche by examining the archetypal figures which flow out from the collective unconscious of the Americans. Finally, the study provides solution to the psychic instability through the transcendent function’s mechanism that has provoked individuation in some situations.
Textbook Evaluation : Cultural Ponderation in New Prospects
(Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou, 2014) FELLAH, Lynda
The inseparability of language and culture and the increasing role of English as a global language become the focal reasons of investigation in the field of foreign and second language instruction. The present study is an attempt to explore the cultural content of an in-use and the recently published English language secondary school book entitled New Prospects. It aims to examine and identify the different aspects and types of culture which are packaged in the prescribed course book. It also deals with determining whether the representation of a variety of cultures in the textbook reflect the status of English as an international medium of communication. The content of the teaching material is analyzed and evaluated based on the theoretical framework advocated by Byram et al (1993). The frequencies and occurrences of cultural elements which are sorted out from Byram ‘s checklist are in turn classified and categorized according to Martin Cortazzi and Lixian Jin’s theoretical framework ( 1999) which refer to three types of cultures: source culture , target culture , and the world culture. The findings make it clear that the course book addresses various cultural aspects about big ‘C’ culture and small ‘c’ culture which also correspond to different cultures; the native culture, the target culture and the world culture (C1, C2, C3… etc.). In other words, the obtained data revealed that there is a balance in the portrayal of the national, target and international cultures in the school book. Consequently, this is potentially beneficial in the sense that it permits language learners to develop necessary skills for communicating adequately in different situations.
Childhood and Initiation in Camara Laye’s The African Child (1954) and Francis Selormey’s The Narrow Path (1966).
(university Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi-Ouzou, 2014) BELGHIT, Leila.
Our research paper deals with the issues of childhood and initiation in Camara Laye’s The African Child (1954) and Francis Selormey’s The Narrow Path (1966). It intends to compare the visions of two African writers, the Guinean Camara Laye and the Ghanaian Francis Selormey, who write about such important issues in two different Western languages, French and English, and in two different periods of African history, colonial and post-colonial times. The purpose of this dissertation is to study the African child’s growth and how the African narratives of childhood use the image of the child as a symbol of growth and of the individual’s passage from childhood to adulthood in parallel with his county’s passage from colonization to independence. We focus similarly on the change in the experience of childhood between the early African narratives of childhood and the recent ones. Besides, we will deal with the new African child’s identity through discussing the clash of cultures and childhood trauma that resulted from colonialism. Stress will be put on the idea of life as a passage and the different ceremonies and celebrations that accompany that passage from one stage to another. To attain our objective, we need to compare the two narratives of childhood The African Child and The Narrow Path in the light of Arnold Van Gennep’s theory The Rites of Passage (1960) and to rely also on Stefan Helgesson’s Exit: Endings and New Beginnings in Literature and Life (2011). In order to prove this issue, it is necessary to apply the cited theories on the two novels and to study the processes of initiation presented by the authors: the traditional rites of passage and modern education, in addition to the comparison of the identities of the two child protagonists in relation to a range of influential factors mainly the clash of cultures and childhood trauma and in relation to important figures such as the father and the mother. It is deduced that the problem of identity is a recurrent issue in these narratives of childhood that record the African quest for identity in post-colonial times. However, there exist several differences between the two fictions and varied attitudes towards the issue that are determined and stressed by the divergence in their periods of publication.
The Carnivalesque in Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man (1952) and Camara Laye’s The Radiance of the King (1954)
(2014) TOUBAL, Zina
This research work is concerned with the comparison of two outstanding writers from two different countries but almost of the same period of time: Ralph Ellison (1914- 1994) an African- American writer and Camara Laye (1928-1980), a black author from Guinea. This dissertation has demonstrated that both Ellison and Laye wrote their novels from a carnivalesque perspective. To explore the carnivalesque forms and themes, we have borrowed Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of the cornivalesque developed in his book Rabelais and his world published in 1965. Two chapters are devoted to this issue; the first one deals with the analysis of the carnivalesque forms and themes in Ellison’s Invisible Man and Laye’s The Radiance of the King. It explores the grotesque imagery, the language of the marketplace and the comic aspects of the characters’ behavior in the novels. It also studies the theme of invisibility and the picaresque journey that requires the carnivalesque forms to depict the experience and the adventures of the alienated protagonists. The second chapter considers the role of the carnivalesque in relation to some ideologies and some previous written texts with which the authors enter in polemics by focusing on parody to show oppositional views. The present dissertation is grounded on the assumption that common experiences and contexts can lead authors belonging to distinct geographical areas to write in a similar way and discuss the same themes. The major goal of this comparative study is to investigate Ellison’s Invisible Man (1952) and Laye’s The Radiance of the King (1956) by foregrounding their resemblances. It has demonstrated that Ellison and Laye were inspired mainly by the philosophies of Negritude and the Negro Renaissance which celebrate blackness and the uniqueness of the Blacks’ experience.
Feminism and the Quest for Selfhood in Virginia Woolf’s Fiction and Nonfiction: A Case Study of Mrs. Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927) and A Room of One’s Own (1929)
(university Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi-Ouzou, 2014) SLIMANI, Sadia
The following dissertation studies feminism and the quest for selfhood in Virginia Woolf’s fiction and nonfiction: Mrs. Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927) and A Room of One’s Own (1929). It demonstrates how resistance to tyranny in a male-dominated society can lead Woolf’s female characters to the quest for affirming their identity through their disruption of the patriarchal traditional discourse. This research relies on Josephine Donavan’s Feminist Theory: The Intellectual Traditions of American Feminism (1992) in which she studies the concept of class-consciousness that raises against the ideology of the ruling class. In other words, it is through Woolf’s female character’ confessions that we understand Marx’s concepts of “governing ideology” in The German Ideology. The outline of this study comprises a discussion of four important sections that include: Woolf’s cultural context and origins, patriarchy and the quest for the self in Mrs. Dalloway (1925), otherness and cultural marginality in To the Lighthouse (1927), and feminism and selfhood in A Room of One’s Own (1929). The final conclusion that can be drawn from this study shows Woolf’s feminist commitment in both fiction and nonfiction. Her aim is the construction of the feminine identity through a self-destruction of the masculine dominion and patriarchy and the rehumanization of the British woman. This assumption has been demonstrated and consolidated in the thematic analysis of Woolf’s sociological essay A Room of One’s Own which demonstrates her feminist stance. I close my dissertation with a suggestion that both Woolf’s fiction and nonfiction can be read as a feminist approach to women liberation.
Ideology and Utopia in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World (1932) and George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949)
(university Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi-Ouzou, 2014) TAIBI, Dehbia
This dissertation attempts to study the issue of ideology and utopia in two representative examples of modern English Literature which are Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World (1932) and George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949). Our major interest is to analyze and compare the ideological and utopian elements in the two novels. Our aim through this study is to identify which function each novel was meant to perform, whether ideological or utopian. We take our theoretical bearings from Karl Mannheim’s Ideology and Utopia (1936). For Mannheim, ideology reflects the concrete historical environment of a particular dominant group that tries to perpetuate the social order, while utopia is an outlook, held by subjugated groups in the same society, of a transformed and idealized future. This competing relationship has resulted in dystopia. Thus, the two dystopias, Brave New World and Nineteen Eighty- Four are meant to perform a double function for they hold an ideological as well as a utopian outlook. Both, Huxley and Orwell are warning against many political practices they recognize as threats to the British society. In this sense, they are trying to prevent change; meanwhile they are directing people’s attention to the kind of society they should strive for and thus, transform it.
Race and Power in John Maxwell Coetzee’s “Waiting for the Barbarians” and Toni Morrison’s “Beloved”
(Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-Ouzou, 2014) MEHREZ, RAHIM
The title of this dissertation is race and power in John Maxwell Coetzee’s “Waiting for the Barbarians” and Toni Morrison’s “Beloved”. Its aim is to investigate how the two writers, Noble Prize winners, through their master pieces, unearth the deeds of the white as supremacist and powerful in the plantations and through oppressed regime of Apartheid. In this research, we have investigated in “Waiting for the Barbarians” and in “Beloved” how John Maxwell Coetzee and Toni Morrison shed a light on the so prevalent themes that are race and power in their novels. In order to realize the objective of this research, we have selected a theory that of Michel Foucault: Power/Knowledge and Todorov’s theory: The Fear of the Barbarians. We have divided our dissertation into two chapters. The first chapter is entitled power in “Waiting for the Barbarians” and in “Beloved”, where we provided the reader with useful information about the notion of power and how it is used by the white as an upholder of it to oppress and suppress the powerless in order to be subjugated to his will and whims. And, how the powerless questions and resists the imposed and dominated ideology of the white after discovering of the self and enjoying the sense of freedom. The second chapter axes on the notion of race in the two novels, where the powerless is regarded as the other, savage, parasite, trespasser of human race. Finally, in the conclusion we have given an overview about the ideas that are developed in our present dissertation and we have confirmed our hypothesis.
Facebook: An Online Environment for Learning Coherence and Cohesion in Higher Education: The Case of Second Year Students at Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi Ouzou
(University Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi-Ouzou, 2014) HARIKENCHIKH, Karima
The current study focuses on the impact of Facebook as an online environment on learning coherence and cohesion in higher education. It investigates whether using Facebook as an academic tool would lead the involved participants — Second Year students of English in The Department of English, University of Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi-Ouzou — to write more coherent essays. It also investigates students’ cohesion and coherence problems in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) essay writing. To reach this objective, an experimental research design has been adopted. It involves the comparison of the essays written by a control group (CTR) and an experimental group (EXP) during a pre- and a post-test in terms of cohesion and coherence. An additional research tool, namely an online questionnaire has been used to get an idea about the participants’ motivation and attitudes towards the use of Facebook as an academic learning tool. The results obtained show significant differences between the EXP group and the CTR group. The former made a noticeable progress concerning the different aspects of coherence and cohesion, whereas the latter did not demonstrate a considerable improvement. In other words, the findings validate the idea that the use of web based instruction as an additional segment to classical in-class writing instruction is considerably more pertinent and appropriate than writing instruction dealing exclusively with traditional teaching
The Intersection of Disability Concern and Feminism in Doris Lessing’s The Fifth Child (1988) and its Sequel Ben, in the World (2000)
(university Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi-Ouzou, 2014) IGOUDJIL, Taous
This piece of research studies the intersection of disability concern and feminism in Doris Lessing’s The Fifth Child (1988) and its sequel Ben, in the World (2000). To achieve my aim, I have used Rosemarie Garland-Thomson’s theory “Integrating Disability, Transforming Feminist Theory”. In her theory, Garland-Thomson provides four fundamental and interpreting domains that can be explored through the feminist disability approach to a text: Representation, the Body, Identity and Activism. The appropriateness of this theory is explained by the fact that Lessing seeks to bring equality and justice by integrating the disabled people and transforming women’s condition in society. In my analysis of this topic, I have divided my discussion into three sections. The first section comprises the disability concern highlighted by three disabled characters Ben, Amy, and Matthew Grindly and the perception of their disability in society. The second section consists of the celebration of mothering and maternity as important factors that differentiate women from men, the changes of the body, including pregnancies, as real marks of difference, and women’s resistance to counter patriarchal stereotypes of their inferiority. These four prominent factors are portrayed by the female characters of the two novels including Harriet Lovatt, Mrs. Biggs, Mary Grindly and Teresa Alves. The last section deals with intersectionality and the interaction between disability and feminist issues. Lessing insists on the mutual fates of the disabled and women as they both endure marginalization by society and difficulties in their bodies. In addition, this part is concerned with the sympathy of women with the disabled, which is reflected through the integration of the disabled by the female characters. After analyzing the two novels, it is revealed that the integration of the disabled people stands for the transformation of the feminist concern in society as it is demonstrated by Lessing’s works.
Emancipation in Buchi Emecheta’s In the Ditch(1975) and Assia Djebar’s Loin De Médine(1991).
(university Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi-Ouzou, 2014) Ouafa, Djebbar
This research paper is a comparative study between the two novels “Loin de Médine”(1991), written by the Algerian Francophone author Assia Djebar, and “In the Ditch”(1975) of the Nigerian Anglophone writer Buchi Emecheta. The main purpose of this study focuses on the importance of women’s emancipation that can let them to reach a more civilized status in their societies. In this research, the first step is to introduce the subject with a general overview of women’s situation in the world with reference to some of their eternal actions that marked history. In addition to this, it is necessary to have a clear idea of the two distinct periods of time where the two stories are held. So, the historical background of the two novels is very significant to highlight a strong basis of the study. This comparison concerns the main female characters of both novels; for this purpose the ideas of the feminist author Simone De Beauvoir in her book entitled “The Second Sex” (1953) are suitable to have a convincing analysis. This feminist writer explores many aspects that lead to women’s submission and thinks that it is up to women to get their emancipation, through mainly their access to the working class. This principal idea is shared by the two writers. However, both Assia Djebar and Buchi Emecheta in their novels have a different approach to deal with this main issue, which is the importance of women emancipation. Finally, it is clear that the two African authors seem to have the same objective, which is to correct the previous false perceptions of women by men before the appearance of Islam, and also in the 20th century.
Myth and History in William Faulkner’s Light in August (1932) and Yacine Kateb’s Nedjma (1956)
(Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-Ouzou, 2014) KIFOUCHE, Zina
This dissertation attempts to explore the use of myth and the construction of history in William Faulkner’s Light in August (1932) and Kateb Yacine’s Nedjma (1956). We have analyzed how the two authors introduced myth and history in the two mentioned novels. Our purpose in this study is to show how the two authors are affected by the situation of their society at two difficult periods; the American Civil War for Faulkner and the Algerian violent riots of the 8th May 1945 for Kateb. These events made the two writers question the values and the glorious history of their communities. Faulkner has created the mythical County “Yoknapatawpha” and Kateb Yacine his mythical character “Nedjma”. Our aim also is to show how the two authors represented history of their countries by using myth. We have started our dissertation from an assumption that Light in August and Nedjma use myth to speak about history, and as a theoretical tool we draw on Claude Levi Strauss and Northrop Frye theory of myth. Our work is divided into three chapters. The first chapter, method and material, has introduced the concepts used in the analysis of our works. The Material section has introduced the lives and times of the two authors. The second chapter has explored the construction of myth in relation to the main characters, and the main themes of the two novels. The third chapter has focused on reading history in relation to Faulkner’s and Kateb’s perception of the important events that happened in America and in Algeria.
Francis Scott Fitzgerald’s Tender Is the Night (1934): A New Historicist Reading
(Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-Ouzou, 2014) Ben Said, Moussa; Ibaouen, Omar
The aim of this research paper is to study Scott Fitzgerald’s Tender isthe Night through its historical perspective, and the way it reflects the Roaring Twenties period. In order to analyze this problematic, we made an appeal to the theory of New Historicism. By the applied theory, we have deduced that Tender is the Night (1934) reflects mainly the twenties period. In fact, that period was characterized by a rapid change within the American society. The last began to lose its traditional values. Moreover, Scott Fitzgerald, with his modernist style, uses ideal characters within ideal settings to show the real image of the American society during the 1920’s. And through the different relationships between the characters of the novel, Fitzgerald success to show the real behavior of the Americans during that period. Through all this, we have deduced that American people during that period gave more importance to wealth and money rather than morality; and they did everything just to satisfy their needs and personal goals. Fitzgerald also shows that people who should be considered as heroes were neglected. Therefore, their life lost its value and meaning; and this is seen through several characters as Abe North. Finally, we can say that Tender is the Night (1934) elicits its value and importance through its historical context, and the important events that account about an important period of the American history.
The Sentiment of Honour in William Shakespeare’s Mediterranean Play Othello (1602): A Sociological Approach
(university Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi-Ouzou, 2014) TAHI, Amal
This dissertation studies the sentiment of honour in William Shakespeare’s Mediterranean play Othello: the Moor of Venice (1602). It aims to demonstrate the way Shakespeare regards honour as it is perceived in the Mediterranean societies. Borrowing the analytic tools from Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological theory developed in his book Masculine Domination (1998), this research paper tries to analyse two fundamental types of honour namely: male honour and female honour. My analysis has shown that though Othello was written by an Englishman, the way Shakespeare manoeuvres the sentiment of honour demonstrates that he knows much about the Mediterranean codes of honour. Through Othello’s reaction towards chastity, it appeared that it does not reflect an Anglo-Saxon attitude, but a purely Mediterranean one.
The Notion of Space in Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own (1929) and Assia Djebar’s Nulle part dans la maison de mon père (2007)
(Mouloud MAMMERI University of Tizi-Ouzou, 2014) DJAMA, Yamina
This dissertation is concerned with the notion of space in two literary works A Room of One’s Own (1929) by the English modernist writer Virginia Woolf and Nulle part dans la maison de mon père (2007) by the postcolonial Algerian writer Assia Djebar. This comparative study of the two authors is done not in terms of characters and plot, but the focus is on the notion of space and how the two writers function in these spaces. The two works unite the ideas of space, both public and private. While both writers gain access to public space, they still feel confinement and exclusion from their own societies. Consequently, the mental space is exteriorized as a literary text, not only because they write their stories as women but also because the space of the written text becomes the site of women’s definition and affirmation
Trauma, Memory and Timelessness in Elie Wiesel’s Night (1958)
(university Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi-Ouzou, 2014) Si Hadj Mohand, Nacima
This dissertation is entitled Trauma and Memory in Elie Wiesel’s Night (1958). It tackles the issue of timelessness as an outcome of both trauma and memory. It considers the way the characters in the novel endure timeless moments of trauma, failure and paralysis but also of awakening and self-revelation outside the boundaries of the chronological time. We have analyzed the theme of trauma with direct reference to Cathy Caruth’s trauma theory. We have examined the traumatic experiences witnessed by the characters in the novel. Our appropriation of the trauma theory enabled us to demonstrate how the state of experiencing trauma keeps its survivors prisoners of their past and to explain the characters’ failure to understand and forget their trauma. Finally, we have elucidated both the importance and the danger of the integration of a traumatic memory into a narrative story. In addition, our study of memory focused on the way it is used as a medium for the creative act and how Wiesel uses it as a way to link between the internal suffering of the characters and the external chaos of the Second World War era in Germany. By referring to Henri Bergson’s theories of Duration and Memory, we endeavored to demonstrate how Wiesel’s narration of the past is conducted through images, remembrance and memory. Bergson’s concept of Duration permitted us to discuss and justify the issue of timelessness. Our analysis of the novel’s moments of duration elucidated on their fundamental role in shaping and redefining the real self of the narrator.
Knowledge as Power in Shakespeare‟s The Tempest (1610) and Francis Bacon‟s The New Atlantis (1626): A Comparative Study.
(Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-Ouzou, 2014) DJAMA, Katia
The present work is a comparative study which explores the issue of knowledge as power in Shakespeare‟s The Tempest (1610), and Francis Bacon‟s The New Atlantis (1626). My attempt through this work has been to find out whether knowledge and language are more dominating through magic, or spirituality, or through science instead. Throughout the present research, I have provided historical and literary overviews of the two writings in order to make them clear and to make a link between the two novels which are written in the same country and the same period of time. The intersection between the two writers reveals the influence of the Renaissance period in Britain which is characterized as the epoch of quest for knowledge and getting power through centering the attention on arts and making different explorations and experiments as well as scientific discoveries and inventions. To explore my theme and to approach the texts, I have used Norman Fairclough‟s book Language and Power (1989) in which the relationship between language and power is shown and the importance of knowledge power is clarified. My discussion shows how the characters of Shakespeare‟s The Tempest and Francis Bacon‟s The New Atlantis use magic arts and scientific explorations and experiments in order to get knowledge so that they may control the elements of nature as well as human beings. Then, the two writers analyze how knowledge can be a major source of power through the acquired language by reading books. In the end, I have deduced that knowledge is more dominating through science rather than through magic because of the different scientific improvements of mankind since the Enlightenment.
The Reconstruction of Black History in Ayi Kwei Armah’s Two Thousand Seasons (1973) and Toni Morrison’s Beloved (1987).
(university Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi-Ouzou, 2014) Akkache., Naima
The following dissertation argues that the prominent concern of the contemporary African writer Ayi Kwei Armah and the American Toni Morrison is the recuperation of lost, misrepresented or occluded history of their communities. At the basis of the research is the belief that a commonality of experience and interests can lead writers belonging to different cultural backgrounds and disparate geographic areas to write in a similar way and share a similar concern. Our special aim is to explain how Morrison and Armah in their respective novels Beloved (1987) and Two Thousands Seasons (1973) reconstruct the history of their communities by transgressing what is mapped out in the traditional historiography. To achieve this aim, we resort to the New historicist theory, borrowing from the theoretical ideas of the French thinker Michel Foucault in his acknowledged work The Archeology of knowledge (1969) and his theoretical assumption of Counter-History (1970). Armah’s and Morrison’s retelling of the history of their communities from that angle leads, as it is portrayed in their novels, to a history which demarcates from the official one and seeks to revise it at both form and content. Our dissertation centers mainly on the affinities that exist between the two author’s endeavors, but we have also sorted out some points of divergence concerning the authors’ use of the African oral tradition.
Love and Tragic Fate in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter (1850) and Henri Stendhal's le Rouge et Le Noir (1830).
(university Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi-Ouzou, 2014) LARDJANI, Kahina
This paper examines Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter (1850) and Stendhal’s Le Rouge et Le Noir (1830). To achieve this aim, we have used the IMRAD method. This work starts with an introduction that highlights our main ideas and reviews some of the literature written on the novels and the novelists. After that, we have stated our problematic and our working hypothesis. In the method section, we have explored Northrop Frye’s theory of Tragedy. The material section has provided the summary of the two novels. Then, we have pointed out the results we have reached from the study of materials. The discussion section embodied our study of the themes of love and tragic fate as represented by the main characters in the light of Frye’s theory of Tragedy. At last, we have supplied a conclusion that summarized the steps we have followed in our work, and restated the issue we have worked on.
Race, Gender and Emancipation in George Bernard Shaw’s The Adventures of the Black Girl in her Search for God (1932) and Wystan Hugh Auden’s The Sea and the Mirror: A Commentary on Shakespeare’s The Tempest (1942)
(university Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi-Ouzou, 2014) HAMRAOUI, Djamila
This research paper studies the intersection of race and gender in George Bernard Shaw’s The Adventures of the Black Girl in her Search for God (1932) and Wystan Hugh Auden’s The Sea and the Mirror: A Commentary on Shakespeare’s The Tempest (1942). To achieve my goal, I have relied on Chela Sandoval’s theory Methodology of the Oppressed. I have first studied the issue of race in the two authors’ texts and their emancipationist perspectives. I have exposed their advocation of the idea of the blacks’ and the colonized’s emancipation. Second, I have analyzed the issue of gender in which the two authors liberate women from patriarchy and the sexist discourse. After the provided analysis of Shaw’s and Auden’s texts in the light of Sandoval’s Methodology of the Oppressed, I have attained a conclusion that The Black Girl and The Sea and the Mirror represent all the elements that defy oppression as they are enlightened by Sandoval. The two authors counter the obstacles that limited the black race’s and women’s rights to rehabilitate their position.
The Poetics of Space in Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby (1925) and Ayi Kwei Armah’s The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born (1968)
(university Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi-Ouzou, 2014) AMROUNI, Dihia
This research work compares two representative examples of modern African and American Literatures which are Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby (1925) and Ayi Kwei Armah’s The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born (1968). My major interest is to analyze and compare the way the two authors represent space in their novels. One of the main arguments is that the two novels constitute a site for the interplay of space and place. I take my theoretical bearings in this comparative study from Leonard Lutwack’s The Role of Place in Literature. In the first chapter of my analysis, I contend that The Great Gatsby and The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born preoccupied with space in relation to the theme of fragmentation and disillusionment. In the second chapter, I develop further the analysis to illustrate how the poetics of space in the two novels participates in their main plot. I have tried to demonstrate that space in the two novels is poetic since it is used on purpose and structured in a manner that could follow the plot of the novel.

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