Département d'Anglais

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William Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing (1599) Reworked in McKelle George’s Speak Easy, Speak Love (2017): A Dialogic Perspective
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2025) Louni Melissa; Djouadi Aya
This dissertation examines McKelle George’s Speak Easy, Speak Love (2017) as a dialogic transformation of William Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing (1599), arguing that George’s novel actively enters into a critical conversation with its source text rather than merely reproducing it. Grounded in a synthesis of dialogic and intertextual theory, the study draws primarily on Bakhtin’s concepts of stylization, hidden polemic, and overt polemic, alongside Gérard Genette’s notion of pastiche, to analyse the novel’s adaptive strategies. By relocating Shakespeare’s comedy to 1920’s America, George reshapes narrative structures, character relationships and modes of speech in order to question traditional views of honour, love, social controls, and gendered authority. The analysis shows that stylization operates through transformed dialogue and behaviour, reflecting a shift in cultural norms and power relations, while hidden polemic subtly challenges Shakespeare’s treatment of female reputation and moral judgement. Overt polemic becomes more visible through revised character roles and altered narrative outcomes, specifically in relation to authority and romantic resolution. This dissertation demonstrates that Speak Easy, Speak Love engages in a sustained relationship with Much Ado About Nothing, revealing how adaptation can both revise earlier texts in response to shifting cultural and ideological contexts.
Race, Class and Dream in Richard Wright’s Native Son (1940) and Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun (1959)
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2025) Ghersam Thinhinan; Grouci Massilia
This dissertation examines the issue of Race, Class and Dream in Richard Wright’s Native Son (1940) and Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun (1959). By comparing the two works, it highlights how Afro-Americans responded differently to the socio-economic conditions of each Historical period. To achieve our purpose, we relied on the theoretical guidelines of Kimberlé Crenshaw’s Critical Race Theory (CRT), particularly her concept of Intersectionality. The study revealed what both works portray how race and class intersect to shape the lives and limit the dreams of Black individuals. While Wright’s novel presents a pessimistic depiction of racial oppression and its psychological toll, Hansberry’s play offers a more hopeful view rooted in family strength and resilience. Both texts expose how institutionalized racism affects housing, employment, education and personal agency, ultimately challenging the myth of American Dream for African Americans.
Investigating the Implementation of Behavioral Objectives in EFL Teaching: The Case of Teachers in the Department of English at Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi Ouzou
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2025) Soltani Marwa; Mebarki Lydia
The present study investigates the implementation of behavioral objectives in teaching to boost the teaching process and students’ performance in the department of English at Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi Ouzou. Our study is concerned with all the teachers of the department of English in all modules. The major objective of this study is to explore teachers’ perceptions and their practices regarding the implementation of behavioral objectives in EFL teaching. This study is conducted in the light of Robert Mager (1962) “theory of behavioral objectives” which consist of three of criteria: action, condition and criterion. For data collection, the mixed method which combines qualitative and quantitative approaches is used. As regards the data collection instruments, questionnaires and interviews had been distributed and conducted with fourteen (14) teachers of the department of English. Concerning data analysis, a mixed- method analysis has been adopted which is also a combination of descriptive statistical analysis and qualitative content analysis methods. The research outcomes are presented in form of diagrams and texts, they acknowledge the role of behavioral objectives in shaping an effective instruction. Owing to their value, teachers engage in different practices to assess students’ understanding and their application of the delivered content.
The Representation of Trauma in Literature and Cinema: a Transmedial Study of Martin Scorsese’s Adaptation of Dennis Lehane’s Shutter Island (2003).
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2024) Selloum Lydia; Tadrist Amel
This dissertation analyzes the representation of trauma in Dennis Lehane’s Shutter Island (2003) and martin Scorsese’s fil adaptation of the same title (2010) from a transmedial perspective. By conducting a comparative study of these two mediums, we explore how trauma is portrayed, interpreted and experienced within the realms of literature and cinema. While the novel immerses readers in a narrative filled with symbolism, psychological suspense, and in depth character exploration, the fil adaptation utilizes visual and auditory elements to elicit emotional and sensory response. Through an examination of Lehane’s narrative techniques, character development, and thematic complexities in the novel, particular attention is given to the protagonist Teddy Daniels as a means to explore trauma. Scorsese’s film employs various technique such as cinematography, sound design, and acting to capture the essence of trauma, deception, and self-discovery. By examining the adaptation of Shutter Island through a transmedial approach, this study uncovers the ways in which narratives of psychological turmoil can be reshaped in platforms. Through an exploration of both literature and cinema, this dissertation deepens our understanding of how storytelling mediums intersect and diverge in their exploration of complexities of the human experience, resilience, and vulnerability in the face adversity.
The Representation of Gender and Religion in Robert Hichens’s The Garden of Allah (1904): An Orientalist Study
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2025) Sebih Hanane; Saidj Liticia
This research explores the British literary representation of Algeria under French rule during the early 1900’s. This dissertation critically analyses Robert Hichens’s The Garden of Allah (1904) through Edward Said’s theory of Orientalism, with a particular focus on the novel’s construction of gender and religion in colonial Algeria. Borrowing key ‘Orientalist’ concepts such as “The Orient,” stereotyping, binary opposition and hegemony, the research paper argues that British literary narratives, particularly The Garden of Allah, project cultural superiority and moral authority onto the colonized Algerians by misrepresenting their gender and religious identities on the one hand and positively representing the West from the other. It explores the representation of Algerian men and women, along with the Western characters, arguing that Algerian gender stereotyped and Orientalized, to reinforce French colonial and patriarchal ideologies, and the Western in broad terms. Moreover, the present work analyses the representation of religious discourses in the novel and puts emphasis on the fact that Christianity is portrayed as a civilizing force while Islam is marginalized and exoticized. Through a close and textual reading of Hichens’s novel and implementation of postcolonial theories, the dissertation concluded that The Garden of Allah contributes as a colonial text in the imperialist propaganda that supports colonialism and calls for a civilizing mission and settlement project.
The Representation of the Saidian Secular Intellectual in Norman Lewis’s Darkness Visible (1960)
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi ouzou, 2025) Saadi Hocine; Saad Bouzid Samir
This research explores the British literary representation of colonial violence, racial injustice, and the silence surrounding atrocities in Algeria during its War of Independence (1954–1962). It examines how these themes are depicted in Norman Lewis’s Darkness Visible (1961). The title itself, Darkness Visible, is symbolically charged, suggesting the presence of concealed truths and moral obscurity under the French colonial rule. The research further examines how colonial power structures work in French-occupied Algeria; it focuses on how narrative forms of resistance confront and expose the dehumanisation and control embedded in French colonial ideology and systemic violence. The analysis is framed within postcolonial theory, particularly Edward Said’s theory of the intellectual as a figure morally compelled to speak truth to power and challenge dominant narratives. In this context and thesis, the protagonist, Steve Lavers, is interpreted as a secular intellectual who fulfils this role. Through his observations, moral discomfort, and eventual refusal to remain silent, Lavers embodies the ethical duty of the intellectual: to resist injustice not through ideology, but through honest engagement with reality as being experienced in Algeria during wartime. The findings reveal that Darkness Visible stands a significant critique of French colonialism by exposing its brutality, moral collapse and failure. Moreover, the narrative depicts the French military’s efforts to preserve authority through fear, coercion, and systemic violence as represented through the organisation (The Red Hand), yet all of these are fiercely met with the resistance of the F.L.N-ers. Pronouncedly, Lewis’s novel positions Steve as a Saidian and secular intellectual whose personal awakening represents a form of moral and human resistance to imperial domination.
Colonial legacy and Resistance in Mahmoud Zemmouri's L’Honneur de la Tribu (1993), and Deepa Mehta's Midnight's Children (2012)
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzoui, 2025) Oudjoudi Ouadda Hocine; Souchane Malha
This research examines the impact of colonialism and the disillusionment that followed independence in India and Algeria through the study of two cinematic adaptations: Midnight’s Children directed by Deepa Mehta and L’Honneur de la Tribu directed by Mahmoud Zemmouri. The study is structured as a comparative analysis across three chapters. The first chapter provides a historical and political overview of both countries, tracing their trajectories from colonial rule to independence and its aftermath. The second chapter is divided into two parts: Part 1 focuses on the colonial encounter marked by identity shifts and cultural othering, and Part 2 addresses post-independence disillusionment, which reveals the gap between liberation and lived reality. The third chapter examines how the films portray resistance, from personal and collective defiance to symbolic and aesthetic strategies, showing how cinema challenges dominant narratives and reclaims agency. By combining historical context, postcolonial theory, and film analysis, this research demonstrates how cinema reflects, critiques, and resists the enduring legacies of empire.
Facilitating EFL Learning Process and Constraints Facing in Teaching English to Primary School Pupils: An Analysis of the Teachers' Views and Practices.
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2025-07-04) Meziani MohSaïd; Djebbara Rachid
The study aims at analyzing the views and perspectives of the teacher sand the way they transmit knowledge to young learners. Our goal is to overwiew the teachers’ perspectives. This work centres around two major theories of two theorists; Noam Chomsky’s and Jean Piaget’s theories of language acquisition, which focus on knowledge construction through the environment and an innate capacity to acquire a language, respectively. The data was gathered through a distribution of a questionnaire to English primary school teachers and through a classroom observation in a primary school. The work was conducted with four primary school English teachers and a class of 5th year pupils. Via this research, we found that modern methods of teaching are crucial to enhance nowadays young English learners, such as using cartoons and data show. This work is important, because it gives a new branch to the learning process and seeks to enhance pupils’ EFL assimilation.
Palestinians’ Displacement and Identity Crisis in Hala Alyan’s Salt Houses (2017) and Shahla Ujayli’s A Sky So Close to Us (2019)
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi ouzou, 2025) Touzi Melissa; Mektout Yasmine
The aim of this dissertation is to examine how displacement, identity, and cultural memory are represented in Hala Alyan’s Salt Houses and Shahla Ujayli’s a Sky So Close to Us. It seeks to explore how both authors portray the impact of exile and migration on personal and collective identity, particularly within the context of Arab societies marked by war, diaspora, and generational fragmentation. By comparing these two narratives, the study aims to highlight the ways in which literature functions as a space for negotiating belonging, and reconstructing fragmented identities in the face of loss and displacement. Through the theoretical framework applies Amin Maalouf’s concept of plural identity from in the Name of Identity: Violence and the Need to belong (1998) and Edward Said’s Out of Place following Orientalism and the Other’s concepts to analyze Hala Alyan’s Salt Houses (2017) and Shahla Ujayli’s A Sky So Close to Us (2019). Maalouf’s notion that identity is hybrid, dynamic, and shaped by cultural interaction helps explain how characters negotiate belonging amid exile and displacement. Said’s use of the two concepts exposes how western narratives construct the East as inferior and exotic, offering a lens to understand how both authors challenge stereotypical images of Arab identity. Together, these theories reveal how Alyan and Ujayli portray identity as a space of resistance and reconstruction. In conclusion, this dissertation demonstrates that both Salt Houses (2017) and A Sky So Close to Us (2019) explore identity as a multifaceted construct shaped by exile, displacement, and memory. Through Amin Maalouf’s theoretical lens, the novels reveal how personal and collective identities evolve through cultural encounters and historical disruption. Hala and Shahla reimagine belonging not as a return to a lost homeland but as a process of continuous negotiation and self-redefinition.
Violence, and methodology of Resistance in Adichie’s Americanah (2013) and Bulawayo’s We Need New Names (2013)
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2025) Chelli Laeticia
This research undertakes a critical examination of the representation of violence and resistance in NoViolet Bulawayo’s We Need New Names (2013) and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah (2013). It argues that both novels expose the different forms of cultural and direct violence, particularly as experienced by Black female characters, and that these narratives serve as sites of resistance against patriarchal and institutional oppression. The study is conducted by relying on the dual theoretical lenses of Johan Galtung’s “violence triangle” (1969) and Chela Sandoval’s Methodology of the Oppressed” (2000) to explore how cultural and direct violence intersect and operate across both novels underlining the sexual and patriarchal violence faced by black female characters. Galtung’s theory provides a framework for identifying the multiple layers of harm ranging from visible brutality to internalized narratives that shape the protagonists’ lives in both Americanah (2013) and We Need New names (2013). Complementing this, Sandoval’s theory foregrounds the subversive strategies deployed by the oppressed, particularly through differential consciousness, enabling characters to navigate and resist the dominant power structures. The study reveals how Black female characters endure sexual and patriarchal violence that is legitimized through institutional structures, cultural norms, and everyday experiences. By analyzing these mechanisms, the research highlights how literature not only portrays but actively critiques the systemic forces shaping postcolonial and diasporic identities.
The Portrayal of The Irish Identity In Francis Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby 1925 and Eugene O’Neill’s The Hairy Ape 1922
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2025-07) Kissoum Lamia; Idjemarene Ania
This memoire depicts the portrayal of Irish identity through a comparative study between two major literary works “The Great Gatsby” by Francis Scott Fitzgerald and “The Hairy Ape” by Eugene O’Neill. The aim of this research is to analyse how both works portray the Irish identity as a minority focusing on issues such as identity crisis, social exclusion and marginalization in the early twenties centuries America. This study relies on two theories; Edward Said’s theory of “othering” to show how the Irish immigrants and other minorities are treated as “other”, and Stephen Greenblatt’s theory of New Historicism to put each work in its historical and cultural context. The analysis of these two literary works together yielded the following findings: both Fitzgerald and O’Neill both drawing from personal and cultural experience, they presented literature not just an art but as a political and social commentary; giving voice to the voiceless and revealed the tragic cost of social exclusion, showing That the Irish identity is a metaphor for broader exclusion. Both authors expose the limits of American dream and the cruelty of capitalist system that favour appearance over essence and cruelty over humanity.
A Comparative Study of Alice Walker’s The Color Purple (1982) and its Film Adaptation (2023) : A Transmedial Approach.
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2025-07-07) Benatsou Ines; Sadat Lydia
This master dissertation examines The Color Purple (1982) by Alice Walker and its 2023 film adaptation through the lens of the transmedial theory. The purpose of this study is to compare how the themes of education, marriage, and religion are represented across the two different media, and how these representations influence the audience’s understanding of the protagonist’s personal growth and self-realization. The Transmedial theory, first introduces by Henry Jenkins, focuses on how narratives adapt and transform across different media forms, provides a suitable framework for analyzing what is retained, altered, or lost in the shift from novel to film. The first chapter of our discussion outlines the core concepts of transmedial storytelling, which serve as the basis for the analysis. We argue that while both the novel and the film trace Celie’s journey toward empowerment, the medium through which her story is conveyed plays a crucial role in how key themes are developed and interpreted. For instance, in the novel, Celie’s inner transformation is deeply connected to her letter writing, whereas the film relies on visual storytelling, music, and performance to express her emotional evolution. The analysis reveals that education, marriage, and religion play a decisive role in shaping Celie’s identity and her gradual transformation, as each theme undergoes a significant evolution throughout her journey. The findings show that applying a transmedial perspective deepens the understanding of how different narrative forms influence meaning, emotional impact, and the way audiences perceive Celie’s growth.
Intersectionality and identity and politics in Alice Walker’s The color purple (1982) and Kiley Reid’s such a fun age (2019)
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2025) Iamrache Sabrina; Taouci Kahina
This dissertation has attempted a comparative study of The color purple (1982) by AliceWalker and Such a fun age (2019) by Kiley Reid, through the lenses of Kimberlé Crenshaw’s theory of intersectionality and Patricia Hill Collins’ Black feminist thought (1990). The first chapter has relied on Crenshaw’s intersectional theory in its three overlapping layers to analyze the complex intertwinement of race, gender, and class as they manifest in Walker and Reid’s novels. The chapter has highlighted how intersectional barriers limit Black women’s prospects and access to professional opportunities and personal freedom. The second chapter has drawn from Collins’ work to examine how Black women in both novels resist dominant stereotypes and seek to reclaim and assert their identities through silence, community, and artistic expression. Ultimately, this study has shown that despite their differences in form and historical periods, both novels has portrayed Black women’s struggle for selfdefinition in environments structured to misrepresent them. The intersectional analysis of the works has therefore not only bridged the historical gap between the two works, but has also revealed the complexity and resilience of Black women through time.
Exploring the Correlation between TikTok Book Recommendations and EFL Students’ Reading Motivation: Insights from the Departments of English and French at MMUTO
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2025) Rami Hafidha; Ouali Sabrina
In an era where social media platforms increasingly influence educational practices, TikTok has emerged as an unexpected yet impactful space for promoting reading engagement among students. Against this backdrop, the present study has explored the correlation between TikTok book recommendations and the reading motivation of EFL students from the departments of English and French at Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-Ouzou. More specifically, it has aimed to identify how TikTok book recommendations enhance students' motivation to read, explore how BookTok (a sub-community on TikTok dedicated to books and reading) creators perceive the role of TikTok book recommendations in enhancing EFL students’ reading motivation, and examine the potential integration of TikTok book recommendations into formal English language learning environments. The research is based on Bandura’s (1986) Social Cognitive Theory, Deci and Ryan’s (2000) Self-Determination Theory, and Siemens’ (2004) Connectivism. Adopting a mixed-methods design, data have been collected through a questionnaire administered to students and an interview conducted with BookTok creators, then have been analyzed through descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis. The findings have indicated that TikTok book recommendations have enhanced EFL students’ reading motivation through algorithmic personalization and engagement, multimodal features, and perceived ease of use. BookTok creators have perceived that reading motivation arises from the role of TikTok book recommendations in fostering positive attitudes toward reading, reinforcing students’ self-efficacy, and providing support. Additionally, the study has suggested that TikTok book recommendations can be effectively integrated into classroom settings. Ultimately, the research has confirmed a positive correlation between TikTok book recommendations and EFL students’ reading motivation.
Exploring Strategic Evasion and Rhetorical Maneuvers in the 2024 U.S. Presidential Debates: A Pragma-Discoursal Analysis
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2025) Hadj Guesmi Melissa; Ibari Sarah
The present study is a pragmatic analysis of the final 2024 U.S. presidential debate between Donald Trump and Kamala Harris. The main objectives of this research are twofold: first, to explore how the candidates employ strategic evasions by deliberately violating Grice‟s maxims to generate implicatures; and second, to examine the rhetorical strategies used to persuade voters, reinforce political ideologies, and influence public perception. The analysis applies three theoretical frameworks: Grice‟s Cooperative Principle (1975), Aristotle‟s persuasive appeals (ethos, pathos, logos), and Clayman and Bull‟s (2006) typology of evasive responses. Following a qualitative, corpus-based design, the study draws on directed content analysis to interpret how candidates use language strategically. The findings show that both Trump and Harris used various evasion strategies, such as shifting topics, refusing to answer, and attacking the question, while also relying on rhetorical tools like emotional storytelling, expert opinion, and repetition. These linguistic choices helped them manage sensitive topics, protect their image, and shape how voters perceived their competence. By uncovering the hidden techniques behind political speech, this study aims to raise awareness and promote critical thinking about how language is used to influence audiences in high-stakes political settings.
An Imagological Study of Literary Representations in Robert Hichens’s The Garden of Allah (1904)
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2023) Ghazali Rebiha; Guechoud Lydia
The core of the present dissertation is an imagological study of literary representations, also called the analysis of “Cultural Images”, in The Garden of Allah (1904): a sensational and dramatic love story written by Robert Hichens. Through a close reading of the text, we investigated the ways in which the English author expresses his Western point of view through a narrative voice that emphasizes the spiritual significance of the landscape while ignoring the culture of its inhabitants. The dissertation is structured into two main chapters: the first examines the depiction of characters and how they reflect the dichotomy of "Self" versus "Other," while the second analyses the portrayal of the setting, focusing on how the desert landscape is depicted as "alien," "exotic," and "spiritual." In addition, we studied the main theme of the travelogue. In order to achieve our work, we relied on “Imagology” or the study of cultural images, “the image of”, one of the most important subdivisions of Comparative Literature. The aim behind this textual analysis using is to explore how Hichens constructs these dichotomies in the context of his own background, ideology, and audience. The results of our study revealed that Hichens depicts the British and Europeans as 'civilized' in contrast to the populations of the Algerian desert, who are portrayed as 'primitive' and 'backward.' The desert itself, on the other hand, is depicted as 'strange,' 'exotic,' and 'spiritual.' It reveals also how, as a romantic author, Hichens focuses heavily on the romanticized narrative of love between Androvsky and Domini rather than providing an objective description of the Algerian landscape and its people.
Intellectuals and Revolution : A Critical Study of Frantz Fanon’s A Dying Colonialism (1959)
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2025) Tahenni Dassine; Hamadache Inas
This dissertation explores the role of intellectuals in anti-colonial resistance through a critical reading of Frantz Fanon’s A Dying Colonialism in the light of Antonio Gramsci’s theory of cultural hegemony and organic intellectuals, engaging with key concepts such as counter-hegemony, ideological and symbolic reconfigurations, postcolonial theory, and Marxist thought. By analyzing how Fanon portrays the Algerian War of Independence as a space of both political and cultural transformation, this study highlights how revolutionary change emerges not only through violence but also through symbolic reconfigurations. Drawing on Gramsci’s concepts, the dissertation examines how intellectuals whether doctors, women, or community actors serve as catalysts for collective consciousness and cultural resistance. The study argues that Fanon’s revolutionary vision aligns with Gramsci’s framework, demonstrating that decolonization requires the dismantling of colonial ideologies and the construction of new, libratory identities through active intellectual engagement. Ultimately, this work reveals how culture becomes both a site and a weapon of resistance
A Comparative Study on British and Algerian YouTubers use of English to Enhance the Communication and the Attitude of their Subscribers
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2022-05-24) Abkari Celina; Hettak Thinhinan
The present dissertation attempts to compare between British and Algerian Youtube Teachers whose content is based on English as a Forgein Language Training content in the format of videos. It intends to compare and examine the similarities and differences that they share in terms of content; objectives; language use and authentic materials in order to influence and captivate the target audience. In addition, the study investigates whether the communicative skills and behavior of the channels subscribers are enhanced by these videos. In order to meet the objectives of this study, the Communicative Language Teaching model suggested by Canale and Swain (1980) and Canale (1983) is applied. A combination of the qualitative and quantitative methods is used for collecting and analyzing data. To collect relevant data, a collection of six Youtubers EFL videos are selected and a questionnaire is distributed amongst Master II students in the Department of English of MMUTO in order to acquire their experiences and opinions on the videos selected for the study. The qualitative data analysis is achieved by using the qualitative content analysis while the quantitative date analysis is achieved by using Google Forms Software. The results obtained demonstrate some slight similarities between British and Algerian EFL videos in terms of content and authentic materials. However, some differences in terms of objectives and language use are depicted. As of the questionnaire, the results indicate that the participants hold positive attitudes towards the use of EFL videos to progress in their language learning process and enhance their communicative skills. Indeed, the participants prefer British EFL videos to improve their communicative competences. However, they do express interest in Algerian EFL videos as the use of their own native language is provided for a better understanding towards the foreign language. The final result obtained from this study is that British EFL videos developed all the competencies (listening, speaking, writing, communicating, understanding in that said language) whereas Algerian EFL videos focused on the grammatical and strategic competencies only.
The Phenomenon of the Doppelgänger in Maurice Edelman’s The Fratricides (1963)
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2025) Ben Ahmed Celine; Ben AbdMeziem Samira
This thesis examines the psychological and ethical aspects of Dr. Hassid, the protagonist of Maurice Edelman‘s The Fratricides, during the Algerian War of Independence (1954-1962). At the beginning, Hassid shows a divided self that is torn between his identity as a French Algerian citizen, on the one hand, and his roots as a Jew, on the other side. He is a doctor committed to care yet trapped within a society that punishes compassion when it crosses political lines. It examines this internal division through the concept of the doppelgänger, not as a supernatural double, but as a metaphor for his fractured self. His quiet gestures, his hesitation, and even his attachment to classical music all reflect a struggle between moral conscience and political fear. At this early stage, Hassid avoids full engagement, remaining cautious, perhaps even passive, as he tries to survive in a polarized world. However, as the plot advances, a notable transformation happens, and the doppelgänger character starts to disappear eventually. Hassid starts to change from his symbolic and passive resistance to an active one. He treats wounded FLN members without fear despite mounting threats. This choice, to stand by the oppressed, helps to solve his internal split. Through his direct involvement with the struggle and facing the threats of the OAS organization, Hassid is now someone who refuses to betray his ethical and human principles, even at the cost of his life. Ultimately, this study concluded that the doppelgänger metaphor dissolved by the end of the novel, not because the conflict disappears, but because Hassid had made a choice. In tracing this transformation, the paper highlighted how Edelman uses fiction to show that resistance can take many forms through Vardoulakis‘s theory of the Doppelgänger.
Visual Resources and the Rhetoric of Humor in Political Memes: A case Study of the 2024 U.S Presidential Election
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2025) Yefsah Tassadit
This research examines and explores how political visuals were shared in the 2024 United States presidential election to share political messages, ideas and content and influence people’s views on the internet. It is based on three main theories: Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) to study how words and images combine to make sense; humor theory to learn about how humor is used in political speech; and the Grammar of Visual Design to examine how visuals are arranged to show ideas. The results show that memes use different images and words methods, like jokes, signs, caricatures, and design to help or mock politicians such as Donald Trump, Joe Biden, and Kamala Harris. These methods help show deep ideas, like populism , patriotism, anti-elitism, liberalism, and conservatism. In general, the present research shows that political memes act as useful tools to convince, to shape self image and to criticize politics. They let people to share thoughts, strengthen views, and take part in internet political talk in funny and easy ways.

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