Département d'Anglais

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A Comparative Study of Elizabeth Gaskell’s North and South (1855) and Edith Wharton’s The House of Mirth (1905): A New Historicist Reading
(Université Mouloud Mammeri, 2023) SADOUDI Celia; TIGHALTINE Karima
The present dissertation is a comparative thematic study of Elizabeth Gaskell’s North and South (1855) and Edith Wharton’s The House of Mirth (1905). As a supporting theory, our research paper relies on Stephen Greenblatt’s approach of New Historicism because a literary work is not separated from its historical context. The aim of this work is to show that despite the historical and historical differences that exist between the two selected novels, they share many themes in common among which we cite “class division” and “women’s status”. Following IMRAD method, my dissertation has started with a presentation of the two authors Elizabeth Gaskell and Edith Wharton and their novels North and South and The House of Mirth. In Method and Materials, we have explained the reason of our choice of New Historicism approach. In our analysis of this topic, our discussion is divided into two chapters. The first chapter focuses on the notion of ‘Class division’ in North and South where the Victorian society was divided into two main classes the ‘middle’ and the ‘working’ classes. Also, in the second section of the chapter we have highlighted the issue of ‘Women’s Question’ as a prominent theme in the novel. In its turn, the second chapter deals with the same themes in The House of Mirth including the issue of ‘Social Class’ that divided the American society into the ‘upper’ and the ‘working’ classes, and we have also tended to depict the American “ideal woman” and how she struggled to break the traditional values of the patriarchal society
A Dialogue on Ideology and Utopia in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) and Boualem Sansal’s 2084 La fin du monde (2015).
(Université Mouloud Mammeri, 2021) DAHMANI Kahina
The present dissertation sets out to analyse the dialogue between George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty- Four (1949) And Boualem Sansal’s 2084 La fin du monde (2015). It investigates the portrayed dystopias and the idea of totalitarianism. To examine this point, this dissertation brings into focus the utopian evolution into dystopia. This paper also seeks to examine the influence of the authors’ backgrounds on the creation of their totalitarian worlds and the dialogue that exists between their texts To reach these aims, this paper has relied on Karl Mannheim’s Ideology and Utopia and Mikhail Bakhtin’s conception of “dialogism.” This analysis tries to demonstrate that although both writers come from different areas and lived in different periods, they share the same concerns and reflect the same issue that characterized their time. Both have portrayed the rise of harsh totalitarian governments that seem to threaten modern societies.
A Fanonian Reading of Jamal Mahjoub’s In the Hour of Signs (1996)
(Mouloud Mammeri University, 2022) Taib Kathia
This present research paper has studied Jamal Mahjoub’s In the Hour of Signs (1996) from a Fanonian perspective elaborated in his book The Wretched of the Earth (1963). It begins with a chapter on the background of the Mahdist revolution in Sudan and its reflection in the novel in order to provide context to the analyses that follow. Within the framework of Fanon’s theory of violence, our research has examined the Turco-Egyptian and British colonial regimes’ use of violence to establish and maintain their rule over Sudan. This kind of rule led to the emergence of the Mahdist revolutionary movement which aimed to liberate Sudan by confronting the colonizers’ violence with the counter-violence of the colonized. Despite the fact that the movement was decisively exterminated by the British at the Battle of Omdurman, the Mahdists’ use of force enabled them to win many previous battles, subjugate many parts of Sudan and capture Khartoum. Then, our research has examined the rejection of the colonialists’ ideologies by the Mahdists, who always favoured their own beliefs and traditional systems, and the subversion of colonialism through irony and satirization. The latter is seen, for example, in the Mahdists mockery on the ideology of colonialism itself, their ironic defeat of Hicks’ army and the satirical description of the Bash-Buzuq. Throughout our analyses, we have concluded that Mahjoub’s novel is historical; colonialism is a violent rule which must be withdrawn by greater violence; and that the colonialists and their ideologies are always rejected and mocked on by the colonized.
A Genre Analysis Study of Master Conclusions. The Case Study: Didactics of Foreign Languages Dissertations Written Between 2018 and 2020 of English Department at MMUTO
(Université Mouloud Mammeri, 2022) RAHOUI Samira; HAMADOUCHE Hanane
Genre analysis has gained so much interest among genre analysts all around the world. Thus, our study aims at investigating the generic structure of the concluding chapters of Didactics Master Dissertation written by students of MMUTO from 2018 to 2020. Furthermore, this study has three objectives. The first one is to clarify and bring to light the different moves and steps followed by Didactics Master Students of the university of Tizi-Ouzou. The second objective is to raise the student’s disciplinary awareness. The last one is to raise student’s generic awareness through explicitly teaching the different generic templates such as Bunton’s (2005) for conclusions. Therefore, to achieve these objectives, Bunton’s (2005) model of conclusions is adopted as a theoretical framework for the analysis. In order to reach the objectives, a move analysisis used to study the moves and steps used in each dissertation conclusion, and the quantitative method is used to report the results. Thus, the findings have presented quantitatively as statistics using the rule of three. The results gathered from this study have revealed that all the five moves are present in the twenty Didactics of Foreign Languages Master Dissertation Conclusions, as for the steps some are fully achieved such as ‘Purpose’, ‘Method and Findings’, and ‘Recommendations for Future Research’. Some others are rarely achieved, as ‘Research Questions and Hypotheses’, ‘Claims’, ‘Implications’. Whereas Reference to Previous Research is totally overlooked. In addition, the results have revealed that the majority of Didactics of Foreign Languages Master Students have opted for an additional step which is ‘Limitations of the Study’. The conclusion to be drawn from the different outcomes shows that Bunton’s (2005) moves are all achieved. As for the steps, it was the student’s choice to include them all or to abandon some because of their lack of disciplinary and generic awareness. The pedagogical implications of this study are primarily concerned with the need to raise student’s generic and disciplinary awareness through an explicit teaching of genre and more specifically, conclusion as a part-genre.
Abjection, Melancholia, and Revolt in Russell Banks’s The Reserve (2008).
(Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-Ouzou, 2018) Hallou, Kahina; Fettouche, Dihia
This research paper explores a psychological study of Russell Banks’s novel entitled The Reserve (2008).The study relied on Julia Kristeva’s psycho-poetical theory, and drew on some of its significant concepts such as Abjection, Melancholia, and Revolt that are mirrored through The Reserve’s characters. Focus has been laid on the analyses of the psychological state of the main characters and their bizarre and unexpected behaviors. Yet our dissertation was not restricted to a superficial study of Banks’s characters but we have also go deeper into their journeys that were undertaken to search a stable and unique identity. Analysis revolved around what makes them suffer to achieve their expected goals and on their shifting from abjection to melancholia and then to a psychological revolt. This study has reached some of the following conclusions. The first one is that all humans are searching for an identity of their own even though they come from different environments, classes, and witnessing different experiences. The second conclusion is that all the subjects in process revolt to get out from depression but Revolt differs from one subject to another.
Abjection, Melancholia, Marginality and Resistance in Jesmyn’s Ward “Salvage the Bones” (2011) and Alice Munro’s Selected Short Stories from “Dear Life Collection” (2012) and “The Dance Of the Happy shades” (1968)
(Mouloud Mammeri University, 2022) Bournane Nassima; Boucetta Tafsut
This master‟s dissertation explores on a comprehensive examination of character portrayal within Jesmyn‟s Ward “Salvage The Bones” (2011) and Alice Munro‟s selected short stories from “Dear life collection” (2012) and “The Dance Of The Happy Shades” (1968) through the theoretical frameworks of Julia Krestiva‟s concepts of “Abjection” and “Melancholia”, coupled with bell hooks theory “From Margin To Center”. The first chapter delves into Krestiva's thesis, getting into characters' complicated emotional landscapes, showing their innermost complexities, and finding underlying tensions. By applying Krestiva‟s analytic tools, this chapter illuminates the character‟s intimate relationships with their environments, examining the boundaries of self and other, and ultimately offering a profound understanding of their multifaceted identities. In the second chapter, the exploration extends to include Hooks‟ theoretical lens, shedding light on how characters navigate their positions within social peripheries. Through Hooks‟ theory, this chapter demonstrates the agency and resilience displayed by characters as they strive to transcend societal constrains and asserts their own narratives. This thesis not only provides a detailed portrayal of the characters‟ struggles, but also offers a study on issues of identity, societal norms and the capacity for agency.
The Absurd in Don DeLillo’s The Silence (2020): A Camusian Study
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2021) Sellah, Karima
This dissertation explores the depiction of the philosophy of the Absurd in Don DeLillo’s fictional book The Silence (2020). It essentially aims at portraying how the contemporary world is prevailed by absurdity. This study also seeks to show how the characters in this novel struggle to give meaning to their existence. The first chapter is devoted to demonstrate the contribution of different postmodern conditions in The Silence in reinforcing the presence of the Absurd in the contemporary period. This chapter makes use of Jean Baudrillard’s book The Consumer Society to examine how consumerism acts like a way out from the Absurd. It then, uses Baudrillard’s Simulacra and Simulation, in displaying how digital addictions sponsor the feeling of absurdity. This chapter hence, shows how the aforementioned alternatives to the Absurd namely, consumerism and media fail at giving meaning to life. The second chapter explores traits of the Absurd in the novel, relying vigorously on Albert Camus’ The Myth of Sisyphus in analyzing the characters, the images, and the themes that convey absurdism. This chapter also investigates Camus’ suggestions to face the Absurd and how all these solutions are employed by the characters. This study hence, seeks to prove that the more individuals are technologically advanced, the less their life makes sense. The Silence thus, reflects an absurdist portrayal of today’s world, with the failure of all alternatives to face this absurdity.
Absurdism in Paul Bowles’s Let it Come down (1952)
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2020-09) Akli, Warda; Amara, Ourida
This research aims to study the issue of ‘absurdism’ in Paul Bowles’s Let it Come down (1952) by making reference to Albert Camus’s theoretical concepts on the absurd and revolt, included in “The Myth of Sisyphus” (1955) and “The Rebel” (1956). The main objective of this dissertation is to expose the struggle of the modern man against his absurdist existence. First, we have dealt with the conceptions of ‘meaninglessness’ and ‘purposelessness’ as the main absurdist features that are represented within the novel. We have also discussed the concept of ‘alienation’ as an outcome of absurdism. Second, we have explored the way the protagonist of the novel embraces the absurd, focusing mainly on the notions of ‘rebellion’ and ‘freedom’. As a major result, this study reveals that absurdity still has a significant impact on the contemporary man. For this reason, both the central and the secondary characters of the narrative fail at grasping any meaning in their lives.
Achebe, Ngugi, Armah and Kipling : A comparative study of resilience
(Mouloud Mammeri University, 2023) Atal Amel; Taleb Nesrine
This present research studied the theme of resilience in all of Achebe’s Things fall apart, Ngugi’s A grain of wheat and Armah’s The beautyful ones are not yet born from both a dialogic and postcolonial approach. The aim of this dissertation is to draw thematic parallels between these postcolonial novels and Kipling’s poem entitled “If”; it seeks to unveil how Achebe, Ngugi and Armah embraced the Kiplingese poetic theme of resilience and engaged accordingly in a dialogue with it. Mainly, we have put emphasis on the personal motivations, conduct and ethical choices of the respective protagonists: Obierika, Mumbi and The Man to assess the significance of resilience in reflecting the African experience amidst the larger political and sociocultural forces. To achieve this goal, we relied on Bakhtin’s Dialogism combined with his prominent concepts of Stylization, Hidden Polemics and the Ideological nature of Characters developed in his books entitled The Dialogic imagination (1981) and Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics (1984). In addition, we supplemented our study with Aschroft’s analytical process of Appropriation and Abrogation introduced in The empire writes back: Theory and practice in postcolonial literature (2002), along with Fanon’s philosophical theories developed in his seminal work The wretched of the earth (1963). The findings of our analysis of the three novels under scrutiny showed to a certain degree a nuanced stylization of Kipling’s classical poem “If”, it revealed the extent to which the three protagonists stand as markers of this particular Kiplingese association. The writers in their attempt to amplify the voice of the African man in colonial and postcolonial eras, they adorned their narratives with polemics subtly challenging Kipling’s confinement of the ideals of resilience advocated in his canonical work.
The African as Subaltern in Joyce Cary’s Mister Johnson (1939) and Chinua Achebe’s No Longer at Ease (1960)
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2019) Arab, Fatma
This piece of research discusses the African as Subaltern in Joyce Cary’s Mister Johnson (1939) and Chinua Achebe’s No Longer at Ease (1960). This dissertation fells within comparative literature, It deals with the representation of native black Africans as subalterns serving the British Empire .The basic issue we try to raise is that while Joyce Cary’s representation of the black African is an Ethnocentrist and racist one, Achebe ‘s representation is an answer back or a correction of Cary’s stereotypical one. To fulfill this analysis, we rely on theoretical borrowing from the theorist Frantz Fanon’s Black Skin White Masks (1952).
African Socialism in Kwame Nkrumah’s Africa Must Unite (1963) and Mohamed Boudiaf’s Où Va L’Algerie? (1964)
(UNIVERSITE MOULOUD MAMMERI TIZI-OUZOU, 2020) REMOUCHE, Tassadit; SLIMANI, Fatiha
This piece of research studies Scientific Socialism in Africa during the twentieth century withinthe contexts of Pan-Africanism and Nationalism. The Pan-African aspect of Scientific Socialism is studied in relation to Kwame Nkrumah’s Africa Must Unite (1963) and the nationalist one is dealt with in relation to Mohamed Boudiaf’s Où Va L’Algerie? (1964). While Nkrumah adopts Scientific Socialism in the context of Pan-Africanism as a means that unite all the African countries, Boudiaf adopts it in the context of Nationalism, focusing only on his motherland ‘Algeria’. Scientific Socialism in this dissertation is studied according to its definition provided by James McCain in his article entitled “Perceptions of Socialism in Post-Socialist Ghana: An Experimental Analysis”. McCain views Scientific Socialism as a suitable doctrine that serves the African countries, since each country can adopt it according to its circumstances. For him, Scientific Socialism is the form of Socialism that responds to the African needs, because it is builton observation, experimentation and implication. In fact, leaders must take into consideration the social, economic, cultural and political conditions of their countries, and then they must implement a governmental policy which fits these conditions. In our analysis, we have shown how Scientific Socialism is adopted in Africa Must Unite and Où Va L’Algerie? by referring to the different sectors on which it is based. Our analysis has shown that both Nkrumah and Boudiaf utilize Scientific Socialism in order to bring development in each ones’ society, even though the doctrine is used by the two authors in different contexts.
Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World (1932) and Ira Levin’s This Perfect Day (1970): A Critical Study of an Advanced industrial Society.
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2017-09) Djelid, Massinissa; Kabene, Naima
This dissertation falls within social and critical theory. It analyses technological rationality in both Aldous Huxley’s Brave New Word (1932) and Ira Levin’s This Perfect Day (1970). To fulfill our task, we relied on Herbert Marcuse’s theory of “One-Dimensional Man” as it is articulated in his work One-Dimensional Man (1964). In the first part of chapter one, we have discussed the concept of “Technological Rationality” and the way it redefines social institutions. We have proved that Technology permeates labor, religion and educational institutions and changes their basic and traditional functioning. In the second part, we have analyzed both Huxley’s and Levin’s futuristic societies in terms of Culture Industry. In fact, this latter postulates to be a mean of securing the established reality from negation by promoting false needs and amusement. In the second chapter, we have investigated the way technological rationality invalidates the elements of High Culture because this latter represents a threat to the established order. We have also discussed the role of the libido ‘Sublimation’ in the development of High Culture. Albeit we have stressed the importance of sublimation, we have noted that within both societies World State and Family sexual acts are highly appraised. As a result in both societies instinctual drives are repressed. In the second part of this chapter, we have discussed the role of language in both novels. Indeed, we have observed that language postulates for a suitable vehicle of one-dimensional discourse which promotes identification with the system by blocking the transcendental and subversive elements of language.
The Algerians’ Use of English Outside the School Walls. Case Study : Master Students of the Department of English, MMUTO
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2019-06) Smail, Sarah
The present study aims at investigating the presence of English in the Algerian linguistic landscape, focusing on the students’ use of English outside the school walls in Tizi-Ouzou. Its objective is threefold. It aims first at identifying what has motivated students to choose English as a foreign language to learn. Second it investigates the students’ use of English outside the school walls. Third it intends to discover the place the English language occupies in the present Algerian linguistic landscape. In order to meet the objectives of the study, Ryan and Deci’s Self- determination theory is applied. For collecting data, statistics of the number of students’ registrations from 2010 to 2019 and the number of students who obtained the Licence and Master degree from 2015 to 2018 in the department of English and French were collected. Moreover, questionnaires were distributed to 170 students and an interview was conducted with 12 teachers in the department of English. As far as data analysis is concerned, a mixed method research combining quantitative and qualitative methods has been adapted. The numerical data are analyzed through the SPSS in order to analyze the open ended questions of the questionnaires and the interviews. The qualitative data are analyzed using the qualitative content analysis. The results reached in this study reveal that the students’ motivation towards learning English is related to the social status English is acquiring in Algeria and the opportunities this language may offer. Furthermore, the results of the study demonstrate that the students use English for other purposes than education, they use it in other sectors such as media and business. Besides, the results reveal that English occupies an important place in the Algerian business sphere, thus its threat to challenge other languages is accentuated. Finally, recommendations for further research are provided
Alienation in Ayi Kwei Armah’s The beautyful ones are not yet born (1968) and Doris Lessing’s The fifth child (1988)
(Université Mouloud Mammeri, 2023) MOKRANI Hakim; MAIGA Hadeye Oumar
The present comparative study examined the theme of alienation in two literary works namely, Armah’s first novel, The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born (1968) and Doris Lessing's The Fifth Child. The analysis of the two texts is undertaken from a comparative perspective by using Pascale Casanova’s concept of Literary Affinity as it is elaborated in her book, The Republic of Letters and Harold Bloom's concept of "Alienation", which is developed in book that bears the same name, Alienation. The two concepts represent the theoretical framework on this comparison dissertation. The main objective is to examine the context in which the two novels are produced, draw parallels between the two authors’ lives and literary careers. In addition, we compare the novels’ structures, settings, and the characters' experiences of alienation. The comparative study shed light on the ways on which alienation manifests through oppressive social norms and study their impacts individuals psyche in the selected novels. Our comparison also revealed that Harold Bloom's Concept of "Alienation" is clearly displayed in the two narratives through the profound sense of dislocation, estrangement, and disillusionment experienced by the main characters in their specific sociopolitical and cultural contexts. The comparative analysis demonstrates the presence of analogies in feelings of isolation, marginalization, and loss of identity. By applying Bloom's alienation, we compared the characters' struggles, their relationships, and the societal factors that contribute to their sense of alienation. Finally, through this comparative analysis, similarities and differences in the manifestation of alienation are highlighted by examining its deep moral and emotional impacts on the selected novels’ characters in relation to their role and place in society.
Alienation in Erdrich Louise’s Love Medicine (1993) and Jean Rhys’ Wide Sargasso Sea (1966)
(University Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi-Ouzou, 2016-09) KHETTAL, Thinhinane
This research work is meant to analyze the affinities between: Erdrich Louise’s Love Medicine (1993) and Jean Rhys’ Wide Sargasso Sea (1966) in relation to the issue of alienation. To support our research, we rely on Harold Bloom’s theory of alienation; Bloom’s Literary Themes: Alienation (2009).This work discusses this notion referring to Bloom’s concepts namely: the concept of Family, Religion and faith, marriage and cultural belonging. After our analysis, we reached the results that both authors share affinities, first, in the way they present their characters struggling with the surrounding conditions. Then, in the way they develop the different kinds of alienation as prominent themes in both works. Finally, we examine the way they use diction, imagery, details, language and syntax to express their resistance against alienation.
Alienation in Paul Bowles’s The Spider’s House (1954)
(Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi Ouzou, 2019) Smaili, Nawel; Sellami, Sara
The present dissertation attempts to study the issue of alienation in Paul Bowles’s The Spider’s House (1954). Our aim is to make a psychological study of the novel focusing mainly on the feeling of the characters that is for our best knowledge; no work has ventured to make a study. In doing so, we have followed the IMRAD method, and we have put light on Melvin Seeman’s theory On the Meaning of Alienation (1959). The focus is mainly on his six variants of alienation that any alienated subject may experience: Powerlessness, Normlessness, Meaninglessness, Self-Estrangement, Social Isolation and Cultural Estrangement. Bowles presents his characters struggling with the surrounding conditions from different sides including the cultural, social, political and even the religious ones. He also reveals the impact of these interrelated factors on their psychological state. By approaching Seeman’s theoretical concepts to Paul Bowles novel, we find that though Bowles’s characters endure the same state of being which alienation, this feeling is takes various forms in the same way Melvin Seeman categorizes his six variants of alienation on his mentioned work.
The Ambivalent Vision Towards Women Liberation in Assia Djebar’s A Sister to Scheherazade (1987) and Jamaica Kincaid’s Lucy (1990)
(Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-Ouzou, 2022) Dahmani, karima; Bachir, Siham
Patriarchy and women oppression have always been an obstacle to women’s progress. Many studies were undertaken by feminist scholars on these issues. The present dissertation carries on the research on this topic which continues to be experienced by women. By reliance on Assia Djebar and Jamaica Kincaid’s novels A Sister to Scheherazade (1987) and Lucy (1990) we depicted the status of women who lived in a male-dominated society. The aim is to vehicle the idea that women are subordinated and oppressed by men, as they undergo oppressive social and cultural norms. Otherwise, women are not oppressed just by men but also by women especially traditional mothers who stick to the old social norms. As a result, this perpetuation of male subordination leads to the reinforcement of the patriarchal regime. However, throughout these two selected novels Assia Djebar and Jamaica Kincaid show that women are able to rebel against the patriarchal norms and challenge men’s control and power, therefore, sisterhood and solidarity are the force that might enable women to speak up their rights and break the restrictions imposed by the patriarchal codes. To sum up, through the novels we reflect the ambivalent status of women in oppressing each other and its effects on reinforcing patriarchy and women’s subversion, as a first vision. Then, we turn the scales to how women help each other through making a sort of sisterhood and solidarity between them and its consequences on women evolution and liberation as a second vision
An Analysis of EFL Teachers’ Communication Strategies Used with Third - Year Primary School Pupils in Tizi-ouzou (Algeria)
(Mouloud Mammeri University, 2022) Hamadache Wissam; Amrani Karim
This research aims to explore the communication strategies employed by English primary school teachers inside the classroom to interact with pupils in Tizi-Ouzou. This study focuses on two (02) main objectives. The first objective is to identify the most commonly employed communication strategies by English elementary school instructors when interacting with young learners. The second one is to investigate the main challenges that these educators face during classroom interaction. Mariani’s (2010) theory of “Communication Strategies, Learning and Teaching how to Manage Oral Interaction” is used as a theoretical framework in this present study. This study adopts a mixed-method approach, using both quantitative and qualitative methods for data collection and data analysis. To conduct this research, fourteen (14) classroom observation sessions have been carried out in three (3) different primary schools in Draa El Mizan, Tizi-Ouzou. Besides, interviews have been conducted with three teachers. Classroom observation data are analysed using Descriptive Statistical Analysis (DSA), while the information obtained from teacher interviews are interpreted using Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA). The findings gathered through the classroom observations and the interview indicate that primary school English teachers rely mainly on using various strategies to interact effectively inside the classroom such as, definitions and descriptions, repetition, body movements, visual aids and objects (realia). Moreover, primary school educators face many challenges when interacting with young children namely, linguistic problems, lack of attention, lack of motivation, and multi-level group. Finally, recommendations for further research are provided.
An Analysis of the Grammatical Errors Made by Master Two Students in Discussion Chapter of Master Dissertations: The Case of Didactics and Language Communication Students of the Department of English at MMUTO.
(Université Mouloud Mammeri, 2023) TAHRAT Thanina; IBEGHOUCHENE Henia
The current research analyses the grammatical errors made by master students in the discussion chapter. It attempts to identify the most common grammatical errors and understand the underlying reasons behind these errors. To achieve this goal, mixed methods were employed, combining both qualitative and quantitative methods for gathering and analysing the required data. Thus, to collect data, we have analysed a corpus obtained from the discussion chapters of thirteen (13) master dissertations, which were selected randomly. Alongside, an online questionnaire that was delivered to the previous MA students of the English department at MMUTO. The results obtained from the corpus are interpreted following ‘the Surface Strategy Taxonomy’ adopted by Dulay, Burt& Krashen (1982).The outcomes of the questionnaire are analysed according to ‘the Cyclical Model of Self-regulated Learning Strategies’ proposed by Zimmerman (2000). Therefore, the collected data from the analysis of the corpus were presented and analysed through the qualitative content analysis (QCA), while the accumulated data from the questionnaire were displayed and interpreted using descriptive statistical method. The findings of this study demonstrat that MA students made four categories of errors within their discussion chapters involving: misformation, omission, addition and misordering. The results also reveal that both misformation and omission emerged as the most frequent types of grammatical errors made by those students. To delve into the reason behind these errors, the questionnaires’ outcomes show that the inadequacy in the utilization of self-regulated learning strategies is the primary source of these grammatical inaccuracies. Overall, MA students make these different types of grammatical errors due to their limited usage of self-monitoring and self-evaluation strategies during their process of writing.
An Eco-critical Reading of Eric Barnes’s The City Where We Once Lived (2018)
(Université Mouloud Mammeri, 2022) Talbi Amel; Zioui Dalila
This dissertation investigates the abuse of nature, climate change fiction, revenge of nature and the representation of refugees in Eric Barnes’s The City Where We Once Lived (2018). This study aims first to explore the relationship between humans and nature in the novel. It scrutinizes how man’s abuse of nature brought about a post apocalyptic world. The dissertation discusses the abuse of nature, climate change fiction, revenge of nature and the representation of refugees in the above mentioned novel by applying ecocriticism. It relies on some theorists and their concepts; it relies on Cheryll Glotfelty, Stephen R. Kellert and Ladelle McWorther’s definition of ecocriticism. It also focuses on Adam Trexler’s Anthropocene Fictions: the Novel in a Time of Climate Change (2015), Gregers Andersen’s Climate Fiction and Cultural Analysis: A New Perspective On Life in the Anthropocene (2020) and Antonia Menhert’s Climate Change Fictions: Representations of Global Warming in American Literature (2016). Our investigation of the issue under study has led us to some findings. Humans debase and exploit nature through activities like pollution, use of chemicals, petroleum plants, smokestacks, pipes, storage pools and different substances that have a negative impact on the world and country. These actions have caused the rise of climate change in different parts of the world as USA; the novel depicts a rise in sea levels, changes in precipitation patterns which cause heavy rainfall and cold weather. Besides, we have noticed that nature is described as an active agent that avenges itself on society through powerful natural disasters such as storms, floods and tornadoes by actively shaping their social lives and destinies. It has a negative impact on the protagonist and citizens lives since it causes the alienation of characters, rise of violence and the total absence of law to restrict people. These events push the characters in the novel to feel insecure because there is no power to insure their own protection. Consequently, we have found that natural disasters oblige people to become refugees in order to seek safety, stability, and the opportunity to rebuild their lives in the surrounding countries.

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