Traitement sémantique de quelques termes en berbère- kabyle : cas de la polysémie et de l’homonymie
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Date
2021-02
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Université Mouloud Mammeri
Abstract
Tutlayt d ttawil n taywalt iseqdacen yemdanen yettidiren deg yiwet n temɣiwent.
Amusnaw n tsenilest J. Dubois d terbaɛt-is1, yenna-d : (2002 : 266) : « anamek yettwasnen
mḷiḥ ɣef tutlayt , d allal n taywalt , d anagraw n yizamulen n taɣect yerzan iɛeggalen n yiwet n
temɣiwen yettikin ɣer wegraw n tutlayin tiḥamiyin tisamiyin, tebda ɣef watas n tantaliyin garasent
tantala taqbaylit ».
Di tmaziɣt, ddeqs n tezrawin i yettwaxedmen ɣef tesnilest (timsislit, taseddast, …).
Aswir n tesnamka drus maḍi i as-yekkren. Yiwet n tezrawt, d tazwert ɣer tesnamka, yexdemitt
Salem CHAKER, isemma-as : Introduction à la sémantique en générale, yemmeslay-d
deg-s ɣef unamek n wawalen deg umawal n tmaziɣt rnu yefka-d deg-s taɣessa tasnamkayt n
tutlayt taqbaylit.
Imusnawen n tutlayt ssawden ad xdmen tizrawin yemgaraden ɣef tsenilest i wakken ad
snarnin taɣult-agi, ɣef waya ur nezmir ara ad nexdem tazrawt deg tesnilest mebla ma nebderd
tasnamka d wassaɣen-is yellan deg umawal n tmaziɣt, syin ɣer-s aṭas n tezrawin n umawal
yettwaxdmen ɣef tutlayt n tmaziɣ. Iswi seg yinadiyen-nsen, bɣan ad ẓren amek tebna tutlayt
di talɣa d unamek ɣas akken aswir n unamek, ur t-uninen ara akken ilaq.
Tasnamka d taɣult gar taɣulin n tsenilest i yekkaten ad d-tesken inumak n wawalen d
wassaɣen yellan gas-asen. Inumak n wawalen qqnen mačči d kra. Awalen ad ten-naf seɛɛun
tinumak, yettiwɛir ad d-yekkes bnadem tinumak imi tasnamka d aḥric akk i weɛren deg
tesleḍt.
yemeslayed ɣef inumak yemgaraden i yezmer yiwen yirem ad t- yesɛu ,anda deg-s id nuǧew
ammud- nnteɣ
Di tezrawt-agi-nteɣ, neɛreḍ ad nesleḍ inumak n kra n wawalen (ismawen, imyagen,
irbiben, …) akken ad nẓer amek ttbeddilen anamek d wassaɣen yettilin gar-asen. Di tazwara nefren-d awalen si tezrawin n Muḥend-Akli HADDADOU : (Amawal yezdin tintaliyin
timaziɣin) d usegzawal n Jean-Marie DALLET ɣef teqbaylit. Imawalen-agi, nefren-iten axaṭer
ad naf deg-sen awalen s yinumak (mačči yiwen n unamek kan). HADDADOU, di tezrawtnni-
ines, ad naf ula d inumak di tentaliyin n tmaziɣt (tacawit, tarifit, tatergit, …).
Inumak, ttbeddilen si tefyirt ɣer tayeḍ ; nekkenti nerra ddhen-nteɣ ɣer tgetnamka, nebɣa ad
nẓer acu yezdin inumak n wawalen imi d tinumak I d-yettakken anamek amatu n wawal.
Ihi, nefren-d 135 n wawalen di tantala taqbaylit d kra n tantaliyin nniḍen n tmurt n Lezzayer.
Acu kan, di tezrawt-agi_nteɣ, ur nelḥiq ara ad asen-nexdem akk taselḍt ; nesleḍ kan 42
wawalen , nefka-d tinumak-nsen d wamek ttalɣen inumak s ukala n tgetnamka.
Ha-tt-a tmukrist i ɣef ibedd umahil-nteɣ :
D acu ten wassaɣen isnamkiyen i nezmer ad naf deg wawalen ?
Dacu ten yinumak i yezmer ad yesɛu wawal si tefyirt ar tayeḍ ?
Acu i d amgired yellan gar tgetnamka akked teynisemt ?
Deg umahil-nteɣ, nefka-d kra n turdiwin :
Awal seɛɛun aṭas n wassaɣen isnamkanen.
Ddegs n wawalen i izemren ad ilin d igetnamkanen imi tinumak-nsen zḍant rnu d
tuffirin.
Tazrawt-nteɣ, tebḍa ɣef sin yixfawen :
Ixef amenzu d aḥric n tesnarrayt, deg-s nefka-d akk tibadutin yeqqnen ɣer tesnamka
akked wassaɣen isnamkiyen deg wawalen am : tagetnamka, taynismt, timegdwit,
aynamek akked temeglawet). Rnu, nefka-d kra n yimedyaten.
Deg yixef wis sin, nesleḍ awalen-nni yesɣan aṭas n yinumak, nettakk-d tinumak-nsen.
Neqqar-d daɣen ma d tagetnamka neɣ d taynisemt ɣef leḥsab n tinumekt (sème).
Ɣer tagara, nezmer ad d-nini nesken-d amek ttilin wassaɣen isnamkiyen gar wawalen
d wamek d-ttbinin wawalen : d igetnamkiyen neɣ d iynismen. Yessefk ad d-nini daɣen, ur
aɣ-yeshil ara ad d-nekkes tinumak n wawalen akken ad ten-nakez ma d igetnamkiyen neɣ
d iynismen. Tasnamka d aswir, yuɛer aṭas i tesleḍt. nekkenti, ur neɣzi ara di tezrawt-nteɣ deg
yinumak d tnumak n wawalen. Nessaram, wiyaḍ ad kemmlen ad gen tizrawin yecban
tagi, ad wwten ad d-kksen inumak d tnumak yeffren deg wawalen akken ad nefhem ugar
tagetnamka di teqbaylit d tentaliyin n tmaziɣt s umata.
Description
71 p. ; 30 cm. (+CD-Rom)
Keywords
Traitement sémantique, Termes en berbère, Termes en Kabyle, La polysémie, L’homonymie
Citation
Études Linguistique Amazighe