Etude syntaxique des proverbes kabyles “Akken qqaren medden ( inhisen)” de Muḥend U Yeḥya
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Date
2022
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Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi-Ouzou
Abstract
Tazrawt-agi ay nexdem tewwi-d awal ɣef tseddast n yinzan n Leqbayel i d-yejmeɛ Muḥend U Yeḥya deg wammud i wumi isemma: akken qqaren medden (inhisen) i d-yeffɣen deg duǧember 1978. Llan deg-s 1989 yinzan. Deg unadi-agi neɛṛeḍ ad negg tasleḍt taseddasayt i yinzan-agi akken ad d-nerr ɣef tmukrist i d-nefka di tazwara n unadi : ma yella taseddast n yenzi temgarad ɣef tin n tefyirt? Anwi anawen n yiseɣra ay yugten? Deg yinzan yebnan d tafyirt tuddist anwa assaɣ ay yellan s waṭas d taɣuni neɣ d asagel? Amek i d-tettban tarit taywalant deg yinzan ? Asentel i nefren yerza taseddast imi d nettat i lsas n yal tutlayt. Taseddast d aḥric n tesnilest. Amahil-a nsedda-t s teẓri tawurant n André Martinet. Deg taɣult n tseddast n tmaziɣt, nsemres imuhal n Salem Caker d Remḍan Ɛacur. Leqdic-agi yebḍa ɣef kraḍ n yixfawen. Deg yixef amezwaru nemmeslay-d ɣef tefyirt taḥerfit, nefka-d tabadut n useɣru imi d netta i d taɣyemt (base) n tefyirt, nefka-d d anawen n yiseɣra yellan ama d umyigen i d-nufa s wazal n 75% n tuget n yenzan ama d irumyigen i yellan s wazal 18 % , neglem-d daɣen imalalen n yiseɣra-agi. Newwi-d awal ɣef kra n tefyar ideg yuɛer tifin n useɣru. Rnu ɣer waya newwi-d ɣef yisemmaden i izemren ad rnun s aseɣru akken ad temmed tefyirt. Deg yixef wis sin nezrew amek tebna tefyirt tuddist ama sin n yiseɣra ama ugar yezdin s wassaɣ n tɣuni (coordination) i yellan s wazal n 21% , neɣ s wassaɣ n usagel i yellan s wazal n 18% (subordination) mi ara yili tafyirt tebna s useɣru uɣur yeqqen ukenseɣru (prédicatoïde). Ikenseɣra-agi bḍan ɣef sin yeḥricen llan yikenseɣra izwaranen, d wid yeqqnen ɣer useɣru ama srid (akenseɣru azwaran usrid) ama s tesɣunt (akenseɣru azwaran arusrid). Zemren diɣ ad ilin yikenseɣra irazwaranen (tafyirt tamassaɣt) : akesneɣru deg tefyirt-agi ur yeqqin ara ɣer useɣru, timisit-ines d asemmad n useɣru. Assaɣ yezmer ad yili d usrid ticki akenseɣru yeqqen srid ɣer usemmad, neɣ d arusrid mi yeqqen ɣer-s s ttawil n umassaɣ. Ɣer taggara nefka-d amek i d-yettili usemgired ger tɣuni d usagel.
Ixef wis kraḍ, yewwi-d awal ɣef tarit taywalant, yebḍa ɣef sin yeḥricen, deg uḥric amenzu nefka-d deg-s tabadut n unammal n usentel i d-yemmalen isali iɣef d-tewwi tefyirt. Nebder-d iferdisen n tefyirt i izemren ad uɣalen d anammal n usentel.40% n tefyar nufa-d deg-sent anammal n usentel. Deg uḥric wis sin nemmeslay-d ɣef usifrer n yisali (rhématisation) i d yettawin isalan imaynuten deg tafyirt, i yellan s wazal n 9%. Imi tikwal tuɛer tifin n useɣru deg tefyirt i deg yettili usifrer n yisali amaynut, nbeder-d sin n yisefranen i d-yefka R.Ɛacur (2020) i wakken ad naf aseɣru deg tefyar am ti. Leqdic-a i nexdem, nufa-d d akken taseddast n yinzan temgared ɣef tefyir n yal ass, amgired-a d ayen yerzan issumer n tefyir acku di tefyirt n yal ass assumer agejdan d ussumer uggil banen maca am tefyirt n yinzan issumer-is yu_er d akken ad nefrez anwa i d agejdan, anwa i d uggil. Tefyirt n yinzan d tefyirt n yal ass mgaraden deg wayen yerzan tiggayin n yisem d tin umyag ; Deg tefyirt n yinzan ur nezmir ara ad as-nebdel taseftit i yimyagen acku akken i tt d-nnan ad teqqim akken, ma deg tefyirt n yal ass nezmer ad as-nebeddel taseftit. Deg yismawen n tefyirt n yinzan akken llant ad qqiment ama d ayen yerzan tewsit (amalay-unti), addad (ilelli-amaruz), amḍan (asuf-asget). Deg tefyirt n yinzan ur yezmir ara ad d-yili ubeddel n wadeg n yisemmaden, ma deg tefyirt n yal ass yezmer ad yili ubeddel n wadeg n yisemmaden
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146p.; 30cm.(+cd)
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Etudes Linguistiques Amazighes