Polycopiées pédagogiques expertisés

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Browsing Polycopiées pédagogiques expertisés by Subject "Bracing system"

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    Structural bracing systems
    (Université Mouloud Mammeri, 2024) Atlaoui, Djamal
    Civil engineering represents the set of techniques related to civil constructions. Civil engineering specialists have a forward-looking approach, practicing an interdisciplinary profession that impacts people's daily lives. They are involved in the design, construction, and rehabilitation of structures and urban infrastructure to meet society's needs while ensuring public safety and environmental protection. Engineers must consider structural and functional aspects while preserving the strength, cost-effectiveness, aesthetics, and viability of the building. A building's response to an earthquake is conditioned not only by the characteristics of seismic movement but also by the stiffness of the stressed structure. Relatively flexible structures (such as frames or frameworks) perform better under seismic action. However, the analysis of these structures reveals that they must withstand significant displacements, leading to severe damage to both structural and non-structural elements. During significant earthquakes, it has been observed that many reinforced concrete shear wall buildings have withstood the seismic forces without excessive damage. Besides their role as load-bearing elements for vertical loads, properly sized reinforced concrete shear walls can be particularly effective in providing resistance to horizontal forces, thereby reducing risks. Metal structures are one of the most common choices in the construction of industrial buildings worldwide. Braced frame systems are probably the most favored types due to their minimal skill requirement for assembling structural elements and the use of common and lighter sections for beams and bracing elements. Bracing is a highly effective overall upgrading strategy to enhance the rigidity, strength, and overall stability of steel frames. A metal structure needs bracing, a term that is extended to most elements ensuring the construction's rigidity and maintaining the main components in their layout. When designing metal structures against horizontal forces, engineers consider nodes as perfectly rigid for their ability to resist these forces with acceptable displacements; these types of nodes exhibit high performance during earthquakes. However, after the North Bridge earthquakes in the United States and the Kobe earthquake in Japan, the performance of several structures was deemed poor based on research results. They showed that semi-rigid nodes have the ability to resist lateral forces, making structures with semi-rigid nodes more economical. This course on structural bracing systems is intended for Master 1 students in Architecture, Module Structure 1. It explains how to 10 arrange bracings for different types of structures (concrete structures, structures with a central core, steel structures). The first chapter covers generalities and definitions about bracings. The second chapter focuses on the classification of bracing systems. The study of truss structural bracing is addressed in Chapter III. Torsion and failure modes of structure walls are examined in Chapter IV. Chapter V is dedicated to seismic design of buildings, while Chapter VI is dedicated tocalculations of bricking systems for mixed frames bracing calculations