Browsing by Author "DAF Nadia"

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    Etude lexico-sémantique des racines berbères communes : touareg-kabyle
    (Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi-Ouzou, 2024-09) DAF Nadia; AMZAL Massilva
    Tamaziɣt, d tutlayt taqburt i yettekkin ɣer ugraw n tutlayin n Tefrikasyawiyin « famille des langues afro-asiatiques ». Di tatunin ɣer deffir tella kan d timawit, maca tura tnerna, tuwi-d abrid n tira. Tebda si tegzirin tikanariyin armi d Siwa di Maṣer, tella daɣen deg tmura n tefriqt n ugafa am : Lezzayer, Lmeṛṛuk, Tunes,…. atg, d waṭas n tmura nniḍen. Ɣas ulamma s tugett tettwaru s telatinit, ay-agi ur yettbeddil ara ayen yellan : tifinaɣ d isekkilen inaṣliyen n tmaziɣt. Taneggarut-agi, ass n wass-a, tettunaḥsab d aḥric yesɛan azal meqqren deg wayen yerzan tamagit d yidles n uɣref amaziɣ. Tebḍa ɣef waṭas n tantaliyin am: taqbaylit, tatergit, tacawit, tacenwit, tacelḥit,….atg, yal tantala tebḍa d timeslayin. Leqdic-nneɣ, yebna ɣef yiwen n usentel id- yettmeslayen ɣef tezrawt tasnawlnat d tesnamkant n yiẓuran icerken gar tantaliyin: tatergit d teqbaylit « étude lexico-sémantique des racines berbères communes touareg-kabyle». Negmer-d 500 n yiẓuran yemɛadalen gar tantaliyin-agi seg: usegzawal n Jean-Marie CORTADE «lexique Français –touareg», deg-s neɛreḍ ad neserwes gar-asent ama si tama n tesnawalt ama si tama tesnamkant. Akatay-agi- nneɣ, yebḍa ɣef kraḍ 3 n yiḥricen igejdanen Aḥric amezwaru d aḥric aẓrayan, deg-s nsegza-d asentel-nneɣ d wayen icudden ɣur-s. Di tazwara, newwi-d awal ɣef traklant tasnilsant n tmaziɣt s umata, anda i nesmel yal tantala deg tmurt anda i tt-ttmeslayen ama di Lmeṛṛuk, Lezzayer, Tunes, Libya, Muriṭanya, Maṣr, ama d tigzirin tikanariyin d Mali akd Niğğer. Syin akin nsegza-d kra n wawalen yesɛan assaɣ ɣer usentel-agi am: tasnawalt, tasnamka, tamḍawit tasnilsant id -nseḍfer s kra n yimedyaten, aẓar, attwiɣi, asuddim, …..atg, d wanawen n yal tabadut. Aḥric wis sin d aḥric asnas, nesleḍ ammud id-nejmeɛ almend n uttwiɣi «alteration» , nessaweḍ nekkes-d azal n 133 n yiẓuran yettuḥuzan s tumant-agi ama deg yiwet n tantala kan ( tatergit, neɣ taqbaylit), ama s ukenni gar snat n tantaliyin-agi , d ayen id ttwasegzan almened n ukkuzet wannawen n uttwiɣi ( ameskel amsislan, adras n umḍan n tergalin, amutti n tergalin d tmerna n umḍan n tergalin) i yeḥuzan tantaliyin-agi s usemmel-nsen deg tfelwit. Ɣef waya nessaweḍ ɣer kra n yigemmaḍ id- nebder di teggrayt n tezrawt-nneɣ. Aḥric wis kradet 03 daɣen d ahric asnas, deg-s , nexdem tasleḍt tasnamkant «analyse sémantique» n yiẓuran yemɛadalen gar tantaliyin tamahaq d teqbaylit, nserwes gar-asent si tama n wassaɣen isnamkanen «relation sémantique» : tagetnamka «polysémie» , akenni «synonymie» , ….atg, d ibeddilen n unamek«changements de sens» : tumnayt «métaphore» «métonymie» ,…atg. Ɣer taggara n uḥric-agi, nessarwes gar iẓuran n tantaliyin-agi si tama n talɣa d unamek, anda id-nufa dakken llan yiẓuran yemegdan deg talɣa d unamek di sin, llan yiẓuran tecrek talɣa maca mxalafen deg unamek , s ubdar n kra n yimedyaten . Ɣer taggara n leqdic-nneɣ nessaweḍ- ɣer ddeqs n yigemmaḍ id- nebder deg teggrayt n ukatay-agi-nneɣ: • Tamahaq id-yessuffuɣen ugar n yisuddimen wala taqbaylit, ɣef way-a iẓuran yemɛadalen gar snat-agi n tantaliyin ur mgadant ara deg waggaz-agi. • Akenni gar tantaliyin-agi yesban-d dakken kra n yisemawen ttasen-d seg yimyagen i yettruḥun s lweqt, amedya: tatergit teḥrez amyag (rgeh/rgez), maca taqaylit tesɛa kan isem( argaz). • Kra gar yiẓuran-agi yemɛadalen tḥuza-ten tumant uma neqqar : attwiɣi, d ayen i yibeddlen asexdem-nsen d ususru-nsen. • D tamahaq i yettuḥuzan s waṭas s tumant-agi n uttwiɣi n yiẓuran deg wawal n tmaziɣt. • Ameskel amsislan d annaw d-ibanen s tugett deg 133 n yiẓuran i nesleḍ, amedya: aɛeddi seg [G] ɣer [Ğ] deg umyag rgel ( taqbaylit)→ rğel ( tamahaq). • Amutti n umḍan n tergalin yerza s tugett taqbaylit wala tamahaq , amedya: afus tafettust/ tiṭ tiṭṭucin/ kmes kmumes. • Attwiɣi iḥuza s tugett aẓaren yesɛan kradet 3 n tergalin am :[RWL] rwel, [RNW] rnu, [KRS]kres, ….. atg. • Nger tamawt dakken deg tmahaq, yeṭṭuqet usexdem n tergalt [H] deg umḍiq n tergalt [Z] i d-yettuɣalen di teqbaylit, amedya: ihi, zuhen, hik (tamahaq)→izi, zuzen, zik ( taqbaylit. • Tumnayt, tesɛa assaɣ akked tegtanamka amedya: (Ixef n uxxam), ixef d awal agetnamkay acku isegzay-d aṭas n yinumak am: aqeṛṛu, tifrat,…. atg, daɣen awal-agi yemmal-d tumnayt deg tenfalit ( ixef n uxxam), acku mi ara nuɣal ɣer ṣṣeḥ d amdan kan i yiseɛɛun ixef( aqeṛṛu) mačči d axxam. • Kra n yiẓuran mgadan ama di talɣa ama deg unamek amedya: [DRƔL] aderɣal , akken daɣen llan wid tecrek talɣa, maca mgaraden deg unamek am: [MƔR] amɣar, awal-agi deg teqbaylit yemmal-d argaz meqqren i leɛmer, ma di tmahaq yemmal-d lɛebd iwimi meqqer umkan-is neɣ ccan-is. Ɣer taggara, nessaram ur iḥebbes ara leqdic-agi-nneɣ dagi, acku, d tazrawt ur nesɛi ara tillas ladɣda deg wayen yerzan akenni gar tmahaq d teqbaylit d tentaliyin- nniḍen si tama n tasniwelt d tesnamka, imi tamaziɣt teḥwağ ad teddukkel d yiwet n tutlayt am tutlayin n leğnas Ass n wass-a tamaziɣt s tezrawin-agi ara tennerni wa ad teḥyu i tsuta id-iteddun iwakken ad kemmlen deg ubrid-is.