Browsing by Author "Boukhari, Saliha"

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    Difficultés de l’expression écrite en langue maternelle tamazight chez les apprenants des classes de la 4ème année moyenne
    (UNIVERSITE MOULOUD MAMMERI DE TIZI-OUZOU, 2016) Boudjedaimi, Tassadit; Boukhari, Saliha
    Tutlayt tamaziɣt d tutlayt tayemmat n ugdud amaziɣ, yes-s i d-yettbeggin umaziɣ timagit-is. Tekcem ɣer uɣerbaz i tikkelt tamezwarut deg useggas n 1995. Tuɣal d taɣelnawt deg tmurt n Lezzayer deg useggas n 2003, d tunṣibt seg 07 meɣres 2016. Di taɣult tamsinent, aselmed d ulmad n tutlayin yettemgirid. Deg ulmad, inelmaden ttmagaren-d uguren. Γef waya i yessefk ɣef uselmad ad iwelleh inelmaden-is s usexdem n wallalen isegmisanen d tarrayin n uselmed iwatan. Ulamma xas ɛeddan ugar n 20 n yiseggasen ɣef unekcum n tmaziɣt ɣer uɣerbaz, inelmaden mazal-iten ur ssinen ara ad arun akken ilaq. Seg unadi nteɣ nessaweḍ nessumer-d tifrat i wuguren ay d-ttmagaren yinelmaden deg tira-nsen s tmaziɣt. Maca uqbel neɛreḍ ad nefk tiririt i tmukrist-nteɣ i tuttra-agi tagejdant : « Ayɣer inelmaden n useggas wis ukkuẓ n uɣerbaz alemmas ttafen uguren deg urmud n ufares s tira? Uqbel ad nekcem deg umahil-nteɣ, nezzwer-d kra n turdiwin : - Di tazwara ad d-nini ahat igulen-agi kkan-d seg lexsas n yiluɣma n ufares s tira, - Tis snat, yezmer ahat seg useɣti i xeddmen yiselmaden neɣ yigrawen n yinelmaden i d-yekka wugur agi, - Akken yezmer daɣen ad yili wugur agi di tarrayin i sexdamen yiselmaden deg uselmed n tutlayin yemxallafen, amedya n tenfaliyin timawiyin neɣ tid yettwajerrḍen akked yirmad n tutlayt. Tazrawt-nteɣ tebḍa ɣef kraḍ n yiḥricen, ha-ten-id : I. Ixef amezwaru Deg yixef-agi nefka-d kra n tbadutin yesɛan assaɣ d usentel, tibadutin n kra n wawalen igejdanen, amedya : tasegmisent, asenfar, tira, assaɣ ger tira d tɣuri... Ad d-nefk daɣen kra n yinadiyen yettwaxedmen uqbel ɣef usentel-nteɣ. II. Ixef wis sin Deg-s ad nawwi-d awal ɣef umezruy n tutlayt n tmaziɣt seg tallit n tegrawla deg tmurt n Lezzayer armi d asmi tuɣal d tutlayt d taɣelnawt tunṣibt. Syin akin nebder-d kra n tarrayin n uselmed i yettusxedmen deg yiɣarbazen seg wasmi yebda uselmed n tutlayt n tmazight almi d ass-agi. III. Ixef wis krḍ Ur nekcim ara deg tesleḍt almi d-nefka kra n tbadutin i yeqqnen ɣer urmud n tira akken ad d-nbeggen amgirred yellan gar-asent. nesseḍfer-d i tbadutin-agi tasleḍt n yigulen, ama d ayen yerzan talɣa, ama d ayen yerzan agbur, nessegza-ten-id akken daɣen d-nebder kra n yimedyaten seg tenfalliyin i d-nejmaɛ seg yiɣerbazen. Tabadut n usenfali s tira Asenfali s tira d armud yezdin aselmed n tira s timad-is, yes-s i yessenfalay umdan iḥulfan-is, asenfali-agi yezmer ad yili s ccna, s wunuɣ neɣ s wawalen. Yal asenfali yettawi izen i win ara t-yeɣren neɣ win ara s-yeslen. Asenfali s tira yesɛa azal nezzah imi yettɛawan bab-is akken ad yissin tira. Tabadut n wagul deg usenfali s tira Agul d lexṣaṣ deg wayen yerzan aḥric n tussna. Imi agul ibeddel unamek i as fkan zik ɣef win i yekseb ɣer taggara-agi, yuɣal d allal i d-yessebganen i uselman uguren i d-ttemlilin inelmaden. Tarrayt n usenfar tefka i unelmad tesriḥ akken ad yexdem ugulen, s yis-sen i ilemmed. Ma di tarrayt tamensayt, ur ilaq ara ɣef unelmad ad yexdem ugulen, ad d-yer deg ikayaden ayen yelmed si tmusniwin. III.1 Anawen n yigulen III.1.1 Igulen n talɣa Talɣa tettili tṣeḥḥa mi ara iqader unelmad xersum setta-agi n yilugan: taferket ma zeddiget neɣ ala, tira ma tettwafham, azwel, beṭṭu n weḍris d tiseddarin, ilem ger tseddarin, asekkil ameqran, ilem uqbel beddu n tira, d usigez. Mi nesleḍ isenfaliyen u d-nejmaɛ, nufa-d igemmuden mgaraden, yella win iqudren ilugan-agi i d-nebder, yella win i ten izeglen. Aya yessebgen-aɣ-d belli inelmaden xuṣṣen timusniwin yaɛnan talɣa n weḍris.