Étude comparative du champ lexical de la maison traditionnelle Kabyle entre deux régions (Larbaa Nath Irathen et Sidi Aich) sur le plan morphologique et sémantique
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Date
2015
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-ouzouا
Abstract
Tutlayt n tmaziɣt tebḍa ɣef waṭas n tantaliyin d tmeslayin iferqen ɣef wakal wessiɛen teṭṭef seg umda n Siwa deg tmurt n Maser armi d tigzirin tikennariyin, seg yilel agrakal (Lezzayer, Tunes, Lmerruk…atg) armi d tmurt n yiberkanen ( Nijer, Mali, Burkinafasu…atg). yal yiwet anida tella mbaɛadent ta ɣef ta ger-asent ad nebder taqbaylit ɣef waya agi ad naf aṭas n yimusnawen id-yewwin awal ɣef waya, amek tettnarni tutlayt d wamek i tettbeddil deg leweqt ɣer wayeḍ, seg temnaḍt ɣer tayeḍ .
Axdim agi nteɣ yewwi-d ɣef temnaḍt n Bgayet (Sidi Ɛic) akked temnaḍt n Tizi wezzu (Larbɛa nat yiraten), ɣef tamḍawit gar tentaliyin deg uswir n tesnamkit d tesnalɣa. Tazrawt agi tesbegn-aɣ-d ayen yettemcabin d wayen yemxalafen gar snat-agi n temnaḍin, ɣef usentel yerzan amawal n lebni n uxxam aqbur ɣer leqbayel.
Iswi nteɣ deg tezrawt-agi d asnerni n tmusniwin deg taɣult n tesnalest ɣef temnaḍin-agi d tmetti taqbaylit sumata. Anzer dacu yezdin d wacu yesemgirden gar snat n tmeslayin-agi.
Tamukrist: nefka-d deg-s sin n yisteqsiyen :
Deg wacu ttemcabint, d wacu ideg mgaradent tmeslayin-agi, d wanda id-tt-ban temḍawit tasnilsit?
Deg tezrawt-agi nnteɣ yewwi-d ad neḍfer tarrayin n userwes.
Deg leqdic agi nnteɣ uqbel anebdu njemmeɛ-d ammud ɣef umawal n lebni n uxxam aqdim deg tamnaḍt n Larbɛa nat yiraten (Afensu, At Ɛeṭeli, Agemun, Tawrirt meqren) akked temnaḍt n Sidi Ɛic (Imaɣdasen, Luḍa, Talwaqaḍi, Tadekant) ammud agi newwi-t-id s ɣur yemɣaren d temɣarin, acku nutni ɛacen yakan deg uxxam aqbur.
Aḥric amenzu: talɣawayt
Deg waḥric agi ad nemeslay ɣef usuddem, asuddes d ireṭalen
Asuddem : dayen akk i nrennu ama deg tazwara neɣ deg tagara n wemyag neɣ n yisem, akken ad d- yeffeɣ dawal nniḍen.
Llan sin leṣnaf :
Asuddem n tɣara
Asuddem n tɣara nezmer ad t- id nessileɣ s uɛiwed n tergalin n uzar neɣ s tmerna n yiwsilen
Aɛiwed akemmali n targalin n uẓar
Md:
tiɣerɣert ɣr tic1c2c1c2t
Agzul s tmaziɣt
89
Aɛiwed kra n tergalin n uẓar
Md:
Tagrurt gr tac1c2uc2t
Adebdar dbr ac1c2c1ac3
Tamawt: ur d-nufi ara asuddem s uzwir
Asuddem n teɣda nettaf-it s waṭas deg tmaziɣt
Isuddem n yisem
Nezmer ad nesuddem aṭas n yismawen nniḍen; isem ameyag, isem n wallal, isem akman akked tigawt d warbib n yisem.
Timitar n yisem: isem yesɛa tlata n tmitar; tawsit, amḍan d waddad.
Tawsit: isem deg tutlayt n tmaziɣt yesɛa snat tewsatin; amalay d wunti.
Amalay: deg tmaziɣt isem amalay yezga ibeddu s tiɣra: a, i, u
Md:
/a/ axxam, ajgu
/i/ iɣed, imeṣleḥ
- Llan yismawen imalayen ibeddun s tergalin:
Md: lḥiḍ, ssqef, lemqes
Tamawt: tuget deg yismawen imalayen ibeddun s tergalin d imerḍilen.
Unti: amur ameqqran n yismawen untiyen deg wamud nnteɣ beddun s “t” keffun s “t”.
Md: tacmuxt, tadekkant, timeṣlaḥt.
- Maca llan yismawen untiyen yettfakan s teɣri.
Md: takanna, tasara, tarfa.
- Llan kra n yismawen untiyen ur sɛin ara amalay:
Md: tamurt, tumlilt, tasara.
- Llan daɣen ismawen imalayen ur sɛin ara unti.
Md: akal
Amḍan: deg tutlayt n tmaziɣt amḍan yebḍa ɣef sin(asuf, asgut) yal tikelt ad ibeddel umḍan ad tbeddel talɣa n yisem ama d amalay ama d unti.
Md:
Tawsit
Asuf /a/
Asgut /i/
Amalay
Aɛlaw
Afeggag
acbayli
Iɛlawen
Ifeggagen
icbayliyen
Agzul s tmaziɣt
90
Unti
Tasara
Takwat
takufit
Tisariwin
Tikwatin
tikufatin
Addad: deg tutlayt nneɣ llan sin waddaden(addad ilelli, addad amaruz).
Md:
- Llan kra n yismawen ur nettbedil ara talɣa-nsen seg waddad ilelli ɣer waddad amaruz.
Md: lkanun n lkanun
Tarfa n tarfa
Tumlilt n tumlilt
Timezri n umyag: (izri, urmir, urmir ussid)
Md :
Amyag
izri
urmir
Urmir ussid
Sleɣ
Ddez
Qas
Yesleɣ
Yeddez
iqas
Ad yesleɣ
Ad yeddez
Ad iqis
Iselleɣ
Iteddez
ittqis
Asuddes: ismawen uddisen tekken-d seg usdukel n sin n yismawen, i d- yettlal yisem amaynut s unamek amaynut.
Deg yismawen id-nejmaɛ, llan yismawen uddisen twaqnen s tenzeɣt “n”.
Isem + n + isem
Md: tagertilt n wusran
Lɛetba n tewwurt
Isem + arbib
Md: asalas alemmas
Akal uzwiɣ
Addad ilelli
Addad amaruz
abeddel
Axxam
Ileggi
Taqruct
Tazuliɣt
aqecwal
uxxam
Yileggi
Teqruct
Tzuliɣt
uqecwal
a u
i yi
ta te
ta t
a u
Agzul s tmaziɣt
91
Ismawen imerḍilen: d ismawen id-yekkan seg tutlayin tibeṛaniyin, ama seg taɛrabt neɣ seg tefransist.
Tuget n yismawen imerḍilen i yellan deg wamud nnteɣ kkan-d deg tutlayt n taɛrabt.
- Imerḍilen i d-yekkan seg taɛrabt :
Md : sqef, liḥ, srir
- Imerḍilen i d-yekkan seg tefransist :
Md : lmadarya, cadruli, akruci
Llan kra n yismawen imerḍilen kecmen deg lqaleb n teqbaylit, llan wiyaḍ qqimen kan akken s talɣa-nni nsen tamezwarut.
Aḥric wis sin : tasnamkit
Deg tesnamkit, nemeslay-d ɣef wayen yettemcabin d wayen yemgaraden.
Sin wawalen mxalafen deg talɣa sɛan yiwen unamek.
Md: dreɛ
Verrou
Timḍelaɛt
Yiwen n wawal yesɛa sin neɣ ugar n yinumak.
Md: zzerb
Afrag
Azniq
Asaɣen isnamkiyen: llan sin leṣnaf n wasaɣen
Tazwart ɣef yiknawen d yinemgalen.
Iknawen: dassaɣ yellan gar sin n yismawen neɣ ugar, talɣa nsen temgarad, anamek nsen yiwen.
Md: Acbayli = taxabit
Aferraḥ = aḍajin
Tagetnamka: d ismawen yesɛan yiwet n talɣa, maca sɛan ugar n yiwen unamek.
Md: syes ittderriɛen tawwurt
Dreɛ
D lǧehd
Agzul s tmaziɣt
92
Aḥric wis tlata: tikarḍa
Deg waḥric agi nseken-d tamḍawit yellan gar LNI d Sidi Ɛic ɣef tkarḍa.
Tagrayt
Deg tagara n tezrawt nnteɣ nufa-d deg wawalen id d-nejmaɛ, llan wid yemxalaf usiwel-nsen deg temnaḍt ɣer tayeḍ, maca amur ameqqran n wawalen-a d yiwen-nsen. D ayen ay d-yemmalen tadukli n tmazɣa, ɣas akken llan yireṭṭalen ladɣa seg taɛrabt ulac tutlayt yekfan iman-is.
Amawal n lebni d urti awesɛan, nessaram tazrawt-a tessekfa-d xarttum kra deg-s. nessaram d tazrawt ara yenejren abrid i usekfel d unadi ɣer sdat
Description
p.103;cartes,ill.en coul.+cd
Keywords
Citation
DIALECTOLOGIE